HIST 1730 1st Edition Lecture 5Tribal Era – ethic encountered by Europeans.When did humans first have an influence?13 thousand years ago – Paleo IndiansThey did not breakdown the ecosystem. For example, the breakdown of land.Why is it not accurate to say American Indians were the “original environmentalism”? It is because they believed that nature was important and has value. They had a deep, spiritual relationship. This “political activity” still exists to this day.The first Africans arrived in the 1500’s. They had a positive and bright relationship with nature. Africans loved nature and seek harmony with it. And Africans never became dominant with their attitude towardsnature. Frontier Era (Pioneer Era)Europeans arriving to North AmericaA lot ecological changes in the new world1. Introduction of new species a. Germs, humans, domestic speciesi. Small pox, measles , b. Use of animals to help make changes to land.i. Horses, chickens, and dogs.c. Devastating effects on people.d. There was more death of tribal people from disease than from warfare. 2. Guns – they were considered treasurea. Contribute to warfare among people.b. Europe had dominance because of guns.3. Steela. Knifesb. Steel trapsi. Use for trapping beavers. Europe devastated beavers population. In 1903, NC beavers were all done because of all the hunting. Over a decade later and their population has slowly come back. c. Steel plow – allowed humans to turn soil like its never been done before. The consequence was erosion. It takes about 500 years to make one inch of top soil. Top soil allows plants to grow.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Attitudes towards natural world. a. Eurocentism – nature is designed to support Europeansb. Extreme form of anthropocentrism c. Nature as “resource” onlyd. Changes in abundance of lifeEurope attitude brought into North AmericaNature is understood as enemy, not kin, an “object”, “resources” only. Thinking as an evolutionary Force (there are many ways people think) -Humans are flexible- Rene Descartes (early 17th century, French)-Nature and animals are without spirit (mind) and are a machine. -Mechanistic viewJohn Locke-Radically anthropocentric -Nature as property (object)-thought anyone could do anything with their land*Europeans influences in North America drive the human relationship with the natural worldIntimacy>>>>>>>alienation Example, attitude towards wolfs and panthers. They were first seen as something not to me lives with so Europeans hunted them drastically. On the other hand, Tribal people honored the wolfs and they were represented with courage and strength. Long land pine ecosystem – NC state tree. -They were highly desired for their sap.-They once converted 90% of all Southeast North America, and now there are only 3% left. -They are fire dependent. (Not all fires are bad!)-They were converted into tree
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