I. Terrestrial PlanetsII. AsteroidsIII. CometsIV. Meteors and MeteoritesV. How We Study the UniverseI. Terrestrial Planetsa. There are 8 in our solar system! We can divide solar system into two types of planets: inner and outeri. Inner: rocky1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Marsii. Outer: gaseous1. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranusb. The Moons of Jupiteri. Galileo saw 4 largest satellites of Jupiter. Know the names of the 4 moons!1. Io, Europa, Ganymede, CallistoII. Asteroidsa. Largest of the asteroids: Ceres (now a dwarf planet)b. Go around the sun that go around sun between mars and Jupiterc. Misshapen, smallerd. Marked with craters, been bombarded with space debris a lotIII. Cometsa. In general you can see two tails (ion tail and dust tail)i. Comet’s tails ALWAYS point away from the sunii. As comet orbits around sun, dust tail gets left behind, leavening a trail of debris1. Causing meteor showers when Earth intersects the trail of debrisiii. Nucleus warms and eventually evaporates as it gets closer and undergoes radiation from the suniv. Coma (gas) forms around nucleus when comet is at a certain distance from the sun (i.e. 3 AU from the Sun)IV. Meteors and Meteoritesa. Meteorites often have iron and nickel, telling us material solar system formed from is largely iron and nickelV. How We Study the Universea. Analyzing light is main way scientists study the universei. We know light takes time to travel; an experiment of 17th century1. Using moons of Jupiter to set Earth’s clock better. The timings of the moons’ eclipses were carefully looked at. They found that sometimes the timing of the moon behind Jupiter occurred sooner or later than other times2. It took time for light to travel from moon and Jupiter to the Earthb. Lighti. Behaves as a wave and a particle1. As an electromagnetic wave: any disturbance that carries energy without the motion of material from one place to anothera. Disturbance (energy) travels along a given lengthb. Interference pattern: regions of bright and dark; when waves intersectii. Waves are characterized by:1. Amplitude: height of wave from crest to undisturbed state2. Tops are crests, bottoms troughs3. Wavelength is distance between two crests, or troughs, (any two points that are identical)4. Period: time it takes for that wave to travel5. Frequency: how frequent that wave goes by per second (i.e. how many crests pass your finger every seconda. Unit used for measuring frequency is Hertz (Hz)b. Period and frequency have INVERSE relationship: period = 1/frequency6. Speed of a wave (how fast it travels): wavelength / period = wavelength X frequencyASTRON 89 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. The Moon II. Eclipses Outline of Current Lecture I. Terrestrial Planets II. Asteroids III. Comets IV. Meteors and MeteoritesV. How We Study the Universe Current LectureI. Terrestrial Planets a. There are 8 in our solar system! We can divide solar system into two types of planets: inner and outer i. Inner: rocky 1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Marsii. Outer: gaseous 1. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranusb. The Moons of Jupiter i. Galileo saw 4 largest satellites of Jupiter. Know the names of the 4 moons!1. Io, Europa, Ganymede, CallistoII. Asteroids a. Largest of the asteroids: Ceres (now a dwarf planet)b. Go around the sun that go around sun between mars and JupiterThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Misshapen, smallerd. Marked with craters, been bombarded with space debris a lotIII. Comets a. In general you can see two tails (ion tail and dust tail)i. Comet’s tails ALWAYS point away from the sunii. As comet orbits around sun, dust tail gets left behind, leavening a trail of debris1. Causing meteor showers when Earth intersects the trail of debrisiii. Nucleus warms and eventually evaporates as it gets closer and undergoes radiation from the suniv. Coma (gas) forms around nucleus when comet is at a certain distance from the sun (i.e. 3 AU from the Sun)IV. Meteors and Meteoritesa. Meteorites often have iron and nickel, telling us material solar system formed from is largely iron and nickelV. How We Study the Universe a. Analyzing light is main way scientists study the universe i. We know light takes time to travel; an experiment of 17th century1. Using moons of Jupiter to set Earth’s clock better. The timings of the moons’ eclipses were carefully looked at. They found that sometimes the timing of the moon behind Jupiter occurred sooner or later than other times2. It took time for light to travel from moon and Jupiter to the Earthb. Lighti. Behaves as a wave and a particle1. As an electromagnetic wave: any disturbance that carries energy without the motion of material from one place to anothera. Disturbance (energy) travels along a given lengthb. Interference pattern: regions of bright and dark; when waves intersectii. Waves are characterized by: 1. Amplitude: height of wave from crest to undisturbed state2. Tops are crests, bottoms troughs3. Wavelength is distance between two crests, or troughs, (any two points that are identical)4. Period: time it takes for that wave to travel5. Frequency: how frequent that wave goes by per second (i.e. how many crests pass your finger every seconda. Unit used for measuring frequency is Hertz (Hz)b. Period and frequency have INVERSE relationship: period = 1/frequency6. Speed of a wave (how fast it travels): wavelength / period = wavelength X