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BU PLSC 117 - December 2nd

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Power&and&Influence&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&December&2,&2014&“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&• Ability&to&get&another&actor&to&do&something&they&would&not&otherwise&do&&“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&• Ability&to&get&another&actor&to&do&something&they&would&not&otherwise&do&– Power&implies&co erci on&– Influence&implies&persuasion&“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&• Ability&to&get&another&actor&to&do&something&they&would&not&otherwise&do&• Power&and&influence&are&“rela0onal”&King Lear and the Fool in the Storm William Dyce, 1851, National Galleries of Scotland“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&• Ability&to&get&another&actor&to&do&something&they&would&not&otherwise&do&• Power&and&influence&are&“rela0onal”&• "Asymmetric"&rela0onships&“Power”&and&“Influence”&in&Interna0onal&Rela0ons&• Ability&to&get&another&actor&to&do&something&they&would&not&otherwise&do&• Power&and&influence&are&“rela0onal”&• "Asymmetric"&rela0onships&• Sources&of&power&and&influence&– Economic&– Poli0cal&&– Military&&Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Trade&and&investment&– Asymmetric&trade&Asymmetry(and(Trade(in(the(Abstract(State&A:&&Economic&size&is&1000&State&B:&Economic&size&is&10&Trade:&Value&is&1&to&each&state&Value(of(trade(to(A:(0.1(percent(Value(of(trade(to(B:(10(percent(A(Historical(Example:(Nazi(Diplomacy(in(Southeastern(Europe(Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Trade&and&investment&– Asymmetric&trade&– Cartels&as&small&state&strategy&Cartels(as(Sources(of(PoliEcal(Leverage:(Oil(A&U.S.&gas&sta0on&during&the&1973&"Oil&Shock."&(American&is&now&Amoco.)&Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Trade&and&investment&– Asymmetric&trade&– Cartels&as&small&state&strategy&– Threats&to&expropriate&foreign&property&Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Trade&and&investment&• Aid&– Assistance&may&create&influence&Economic&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Trade&and&investment&• Aid&– Assistance&may&create&influence&– Problem:&credibility&of&threat&to&end&aid&U.S.&President&Richard&Nixon&and&South&Vietnamese&President&Nguyen&Van&Thieu&announce&American&troop&withdrawal&in&1973.&Threatening(to(End(Aid:((The(U.S.(and(South(Vietnam(Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&– The&"policy&of&pres0ge"&The(Policy(of(PresEge:((The(Cruise(of(the(Great(White(Fleet(U.S.&baZle&fleet&sails&from&Hampton&Roads,&Virginia&in&December&1907,&beginning&a&cruise&around&the&world.&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&– The&"policy&of&pres0ge"&– Controlling&sources&of&knowledge&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&– The&"policy&of&pres0ge"&– Controlling&sources&of&knowledge&– Success&inspires&imita0on&The&Red&Army&on&parade&in&Moscow,&May&1,&1951&The(Rise(and(Fall(of(the("Soviet(Model"(Parade&in&Moscow&commemora0ng&victory&in&World&War&II,&May&9,&2013&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Asymmetric&alliances&– Large&state&may&offer&security&in&exchange&for&policy&concessions&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Asymmetric&alliances&– Large&state&may&offer&security&in&exchange&for&policy&concessions&– Asymmetry&of&interests:&small&states&may&have&more&at&stake&in&rela0onship&Mohamed&Reza&Pahlavi,&Shah&of&Iran&(1919`1980)&The(Big(Influence(of(Small(Allies:((Iran(under(the(Shah(Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Asymmetric&alliances&– Large&state&may&offer&security&in&exchange&for&policy&concessions&– Asymmetry:&small&states&may&have&more&at&stake&in&rela0onship&– Small&states&may&exploit&major&power&rivalry&Sadat,&U.S.&President&Jimmy&Carter,&and&Israeli&Prime&Minister&Menachem&Begin&celebrate&signing&of&peace&treaty,&September&17,&1978&Using(Major(Power(Rivalries:((The(Diplomacy(of(Anwar(Sadat(Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Alliances&• Interna0onal&law&and&ins0tu0ons&– Interna0onal&law&defined&by&custom,&treaty&Light green: Ratified treaty Dark Green: Acceded to treaty but not ratified Red: Non-signatory Yellow: Withdrawn from treaty The Nuclear Non-Proliferation TreatyPoli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Alliances&• Interna0onal&law&and&ins0tu0ons&– Interna0onal&law&defined&by&custom,&treaty&– Interna0onal&law&enforced&by&self&help&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Alliances&• Interna0onal&law&and&ins0tu0ons&– Interna0onal&law&defined&by&custom,&treaty&– Interna0onal&law&enforced&by&self&help&– Ins0tu0onal&rules&wriZen&by&major&powers&Poli0cal&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Pres0ge&• Alliances&• Interna0onal&law&and&ins0tu0ons&– Interna0onal&law&defined&by&custom,&treaty&– Interna0onal&law&enforced&by&self&help&– Ins0tu0onal&rules&wriZen&by&major&powers&– Rules&as&poli0cal&tools&for&weak&states&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&– The&puzzle&of&small&state&resistance&A&view&of&the&island&of&Melos,&near&the&site&of&the&ancient&city&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&• Ra0onal&reasons&to&resist&– Asymmetric&interests&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&• Ra0onal&reasons&to&resist&– Asymmetric&interests&• "Punishment"&strategies&The("Punishment"(Strategy(in(Vietnam(American&soldiers&await&helicopter&evacua0on&with&the&body&of&a&fellow&soldier&in&Vietnam&in&1966&(Photograph&by&PFC&Paul&Epley)&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&• Ra0onal&reasons&to&resist&• Other&reasons&to&resist&– Mispercep0on&Military&Sources&of&Power&and&Influence&• Coercive&diplomacy&• Ra0onal&reasons&to&resist&• Other&reasons&to&resist&– Mispercep0on&–


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BU PLSC 117 - December 2nd

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