NUR 0013 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Current Lecture II. Blood statistical facts a. Percent of plasma, microL in men and women III. Plasmaa. Unformed element – 55% of total bloodb. Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogenc. Other – glucose, gas, other ions IV. RBCa. Steps in making blood cellsb. EPO c. Disorders V. WBCa. Granulocytes and granulocytesb. Disorders and countsc. Production of WBCCurrent LectureI. Blood number Facts.55% is plasma 45% RBCless than 1% WBC4-5 L in women 5-6 L in menRBC count in women 4.4 -6 million ul men – WBC count 5,000 to 10,000 uLPlatelet count: 150,000- 400,000 uLII. Plasma (55% of total blood) a. Albumin – (60%)- osmatic pressure in the capillariesb. Globulins (36%) - c. Fibrinogens (4%)- clotting factorsd. Other _ glucose, gases and ions These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. RBC (45% of total blood)a. Considered not “true” cellsb. Primary job is to transport oxygen c. Hemoglobin is made up of a heme group (Fe) and up to 4 O^2 . CO2 binds irreversibly toFed. Hemoglobin made up of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains e. Formation of RBC: beings in stem cellsf. Starts in the hemocytoblast (stem cell in bone marrow) EPO Proertythroblast, g. (then the beginning of making hemoglobin) early erythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, Retrculocyte (found in hypotonic situations. Higher altitude), then erythrocytes. h. EPOi. Hemeocytoblast to proerthyroblastj. Gets produced when there is low blood O2 levels hypoxia, decrease in RBC count, Decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, Decrease in the availability of O2k. It is released by the kidneys also sometimes the liver.l. EPO stimulates the red bone marrow to increase blood cell production. m. RBC are recycled in the SPLEEN and the LIVERn. After 90-120 days EBC becomes fragil and rigido. Hemoglobin disposed by the liver. gets degraded into Heme and globin p. Heme gets broken down to:i. Biliverdin, bilirubin (in SI), bile, fecesii. Iron – storages, reused, loss via menstration, injury ect. q. Globin gets hydrolyzed to free amino acids (recycled) r. RBC Disorders – anemias, Polycythemias. Anemia can be caused from a lack of RBC, low hemoglobin count, Defective hemoglobin(many more) i. Lack of RBC: Hemorrhagic, Hemolytic (ecoli) Aplastic (bone marrow destroyed, often result of chemo)ii. Low hemoglobin count: Iron deficient, Pernicious (lack of intrinsic factors thus, Vit B12)iii. Defective Hemoglobin: Often genetic. Thalassemias – globin chains (ie. Mediteranina). Sickle Cell anemia- single amino acid t. Polycythemias – often cause by marrow cancer, blood dopingIV. WBC ( 5,000 to 10,000 count in blood makes up 1% of blood) a. Leukocytocysis - greator than 11,000 countb. Leukopenia less than 4,500 countc. Two major divisions: gandulocytes and agrandulocytesd. Grandulocytes – lifespan 5-9 daysi. Neutrophils (50-70%) – increase in count when infection (usually bacterial but sometimes fungal) destroys them respiratory burst – creates bleaches and peroxidesii. Eosinophils – (2-4%) – red/ acidic. fxn in allergic reactions inflammation. Also in parasitic attacks iii. Basophils (less than 1%) – base, blue/ Fxn: releases histamine – increase inflammation. Also release Chemotaxic factors e. Agrandulocytes –more abundant in lymp ts than in blood1. lifespanii. Lymphocytes (20-30%)- T- cells: attack antigens during immune fight virus and tumor cells. B-cells: produce antibodies iii. Monocytes aka Macrophage (3-8%)- long term clean up of chronic infections. Activates lymphocytes f. Production of WBC – is stimulated by hormonal factors such as CSF’s ,IL’sg. Leukopoeisis – is the formation of WBC from hemocytosblast. They then differentiate and become: myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, monoblasts,h. once they are formed they move of the blood vessels in a process known as