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SC SPTE 110 - Participants vs Spectators

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Lecture 3Participating and SpectatingSport participation and sport spectating are often mistakenly combined statistically and anecdotally (telling a story, making assumptions based on experience and observations)They’re not the same thing. There is a large difference between participating and viewing.Important: Participants are more likely to be spectators, but spectators are not necessarily more likely to be participants.Who Participates?About 65% of Americans participate in recreational activities (CDC, 2010). But elite sport drives media coverage.High-performance vs. participation athletesMasters level increasingly more competitivePeople that are older (usually 50+)Discussion: Do extrinsic (fame, money, trophies) or intrinsic (pride, self-esteem, health & fitness, being part of a group) rewards typically drive these participants?Youth (intrinsic/extrinsic for the trophies)High school varsityCollege varsityProfessional (extrinsic)MastersAdult recreation (intrinsic)Factors Affecting Sport ParticipationPursuit of excellenceRecreation (tug of war between elite and recreational athletes)Tug of war over funding, use of facilities, coaching etc.)Commercial sponsorsAbility to modify gameEx) Lower basketball goals for younger childrenModify by equipment, rules of the gameSupport from national governing bodies (NGBs—National Governing Bodies) and associationsIndividual and community attitudes toward sportHealth concernsWhat Influences sport participation?Social InfluencesFamily supportSport environment (coach, teammates,win–loss record)Teachers, counselors, older childrenHeroes and role modelsDemographic InfluencesGeographyClimateAgeGenderSocioeconomic classActivities with Greatest Growth in ParticipationTop 5 activities (in statistical growth—what became more popular) since 2000 according to SGMA (Sporting Goods Manufacturing Association), 2009:1. Pilates training, 456% growth2. Elliptical trainer, 259%3. Lacrosse, 131%4. Table tennis, 52%5. Stretching, 48%Fitness activities have increased the mostTop Participant SportsTop 5 sports (in millions) according to SGMA, 2008:1. Basketball, 25.961 participants2. Soccer, 17.9453. Tennis, 16.9404. Baseball, 16.0585. Volleyball (all types), 15.844Baseball and Softball were surveyed as two different sports but if they were put together they would be #1Concerns About Youth Sport ParticipationExercise patterns of American youth are declining, especially in teens (SGMA, 2008).At age 9, children average about three hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity on weekdays and weekends. By age 15, they average 49 minutes per weekday and 35 minutes on weekends (NIH—National Institute of Health, 2008).Factors in Decline of Youth Sport ParticipationMore screen timeTV, Computer, Video Games, Cell phonesDecline in recess and physical educationDecline in pickup gamesRise in one-sport specialization and elite teamsDiscussion: How do you think these trends could be reversed? Why have extreme sports been on the rise?Sport SpectatorsSteady increase since 1920sWent from the Agriculture era to Industrial RevolutionIncrease in leisure timeLive event viewing continuing to increaseViewing a live event on tv/computer/phone etc, not necessarily in person but both increasingLargest growth is in media spectatorship (television and Internet)Discussion: Social and economic statuses are influences, just as with participation. But how do viewing motivations change for live vs. through the media?Influences on Sport SpectatorshipSocial and economic classEvent attendance can cost US$100-$200 for familyHigh SES (Socio Economic Status): polo, yachting, sailing, racingMiddle SES: tennis, golf, sailing, skiingLow SES: auto racing, wrestling, bowling, boxingCollege sports are watched by college graduatesBaseball and football cross social classesPercentage of Americans Who Are FansProfessional football: 64%College football: 54%Professional baseball: 41%Figure skating: 41%College basketball: 38%See table 3.3 on page 45 for gender breakdownAmong American Males Pro-Football is #1Females #1 is figure skating and #2 pro-footballIn-Person AttendanceSee table 3.4 on page 45 for data on in-person attendance at sporting events.Discussion: Compare fan-base data and table 3.4. Why have most sports shown a decline in number of people who consider themselves fans, while in-person attendance has grown dramatically in the past quarter century?Marketing SportOpportunities to globalize sport marketing are growing.Companies carefully research historical and potential participants to reach audiences.Sponsors match product to spectator.Discussion: What factors determine who endorses a product and how that endorsement is presented?Key Point: People watch sports they can identify with.SPTE 110Lecture 3 Participating and Spectating- Sport participation and sport spectating are often mistakenly combined statistically and anecdotally (telling a story, making assumptions based on experience and observations)- They’re not the same thing. There is a large difference between participating and viewing.- Important: Participants are more likely to be spectators, but spectators are not necessarily more likely to be participants. Who Participates?- About 65% of Americans participate in recreational activities (CDC, 2010). But elite sport drives media coverage. - High-performance vs. participation athletes- Masters level increasingly more competitiveo People that are older (usually 50+)- Discussion: Do extrinsic (fame, money, trophies) or intrinsic (pride, self-esteem, health & fitness, being part of a group) rewards typically drive these participants?- Youth (intrinsic/extrinsic for the trophies)- High school varsity - College varsity- Professional (extrinsic)- Masters- Adult recreation (intrinsic)Factors Affecting Sport Participation- Pursuit of excellence- Recreation (tug of war between elite and recreational athletes)o Tug of war over funding, use of facilities, coaching etc.) - Commercial sponsors- Ability to modify gameo Ex) Lower basketball goals for younger children These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Modify by equipment, rules of the game- Support from national governing bodies (NGBs—National Governing Bodies) and associations- Individual and community attitudes toward sport- Health concerns What Influences sport participation? Social Influences - Family


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