Language3/25/14The Development of Language- Language and Cultural Differenceso Cultures create words for the concept that are important to themo Children develop language as the build on other cognitive abilities by actively trying to make sense of what they hear, looking for pattern, and making up ruleso Built-in biases and rules may limit the search and the guide the pattern recognitiono Reward and correction play a role in helping children learn correct language use, but the child’s though processes are very important- Sounds and Pronunciationo By age 5, most children have mastered the sounds of their native language- Vocab and Meaningo By age 6, most children understand up to 20,000 words and can use about 2,600o As cognitive abilities develop, children begin to understand words that express abstract ideas and hypothetical situations- Grammar and Syntaxo Initially, may apply new rules too widely (“broked” instead of “broken”)- Pragmaticso Knowledge about how to use languageo When, where, how, and to whom to speak- Metalinguistic Awarenesso Explicit understanding of language and how it workso Begins to develop around age 5- Emergent Literacyo 2 categories of skills important for learning reading Understanding sounds and codes- Decoding units of print into units of sound and units of sound into units of language (inside-out skills) Oral language skills- Understanding auditory derivations and placing them in correct conceptual and contextual framework (outside-in) Supporting emergent literacy- Reading with children- Retelling stories and talking about them- Limiting time spent watching television - Dual Language Learningo Children can learn two languages at once if they have adequate opportunities in both languageso There are many cognitive advantages to learning more than one language o People of any age can learn a new language The best time to learn is earlyo People who communicate and spoken in and in signing of language is bilingual- Cultural Differenceso Might interfere with developing academic English and content understandingo Beliefs about learning shaped by culture and previous experiences may explain why English Language Learners seem quiet and reluctant to speak in class Dialect Differences in the Classroom- Dialect o Any variety of a language spoken by a particular groupo Includes variation in vocab, grammar, and pronunciationo Differs by region, even within small distances or communities- Genderlecto Differences between how males and females speako Inflection, tone, or choice of words unique to and individual or group of