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JMU GHIST 101 - Hebrews, Judaism, Phoenicians, Persian Empire, Zoroastrianism

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GHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Mesopotamia a. Sumerians b. Religion and Literature c. Technology d. Lawe. Expansion and DeclineII. Ancient Egypt a. Nileb. Land and People of Ancient Egyptc. Pharaoh d. Religione. Cultural Achievements Outline of Current Lecture I. The Hebrews II. JudaismIII. PhoeniciansIV. Persian Empire V. Zoroastrianism Current LectureThe Hebrews - Nomadic Semitic tribes from northern Mesopotamiao Monotheistic – Yahweh (Jehovah) law of Yahweh – those who lived by Yahweh became Jewish and Judaism as their religion  Created Hebrew Bible - Exodus and migration to Canaan by 1000 BC- David, Solomon, and the later two kingdomso Kingdom fell apart when Solomon died – northern half became Israel and southern half became Judah o War broke out – Assyrians (now Syrians) wiped out northern kingdomo Kingdom of Israel ended in 722o “Ten Lost Tribes”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Judaism o God known as Yahweh (Jehovah) Rare example of monotheism in history Covenant (promise) learned from a series of prophets- Covenant – agreement between Yahweh and Hebrew people - Moses made covenant with Hebrew- if they worshiped Yahweh as their only god, he would consider them his chosen people and protect them from their chosen enemies – follow ten commandments – Yahweh gave to Moses  Laws of Yahweh- Ten Commandmentso The Chosen people “they” and “we” Not open to converts- Babylonian Captivity and its aftermath o Jews captured by Nebuchadnezzar, II (605-538 BC)  Released by Cyrus the Great Created Second Templeo God viewed as just and merciful  Personal deity  Hope for Messiah o Assyrian Empire (1420 Bc-609 BC)  Semitic tribal group - Named after their god, “Assur” - “Assyria” and today’s “Syria”  War with the Babylonian Empire, 1,180 BC Conquest of the Tigris-Euphrates by 800 BC- Most hated conquerors Governed from Nineveh- Phoenicians o Semitic people from today’s Lebanono Great traders and travelers Into the Atlantic (Britain, West Africa…) Colonies in the western Mediterraneano Most notable contribution: Alphabet 22 letters Adopted by the Greeks Today’s Latin alphabet- Persian Empire o Nomadic Indo-European people settled in today’s Iran One of the groups was Medes – settled in northern Iran and took over Assyria with Babylonians Another indo-English speaking group were the Persians – settled in southern Iran o Founded by Cyrus the Great in the mid-6th cent. BC Cyrus the Great – King of the Persians – conquered Medes and united Iran Cyrus – wanted to win control of west and trade routes and stop nomads from coming in  Conquered Tigris an Euphrates and overthrew Lydia  Allowed Greeks to live according to customs  Persian empire became very strong and became the empire of alexander the great  Royal Road- communication and trade – king was in close touch with officials o Darius I (522-486 BC)o Multi-ethnic empire, “King of Kings” Peoples allowed to retain their customs and laws Freedom of Religion- Zoroastrianism o Ancient Iranian religion Polytheistic with many deities under chief god Ahuramazda – creator of all living creatureso Founded by Zoroaster (660-583 BC)o Dualism Zoroaster wanted people to choose based on their own conscience between gods  Mazda vs. Mainyuo Modern reference Friedrich Nietzsche, Also sprach Zarathustra


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JMU GHIST 101 - Hebrews, Judaism, Phoenicians, Persian Empire, Zoroastrianism

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