SOCI 2013 1st Edition Lecture 4C. The Development of Sociological Thinking1. Early thinkers – Comte, Martineau, Spencer and Durkheim- Spencer – evolutionary perspective- Durkheim – types of suicideo Egoistic – isolated, all social groupso Altruistic – excessively integratedo Anomic – lack of social regulationo Fatalistic – excessive integrated2. Differing Views – Marx, Weber and Simmel- Marxo History is a continual conflicto Class conflict; owners/workerso Alienation (Dilbert cartoons?)o Capitalism “causes” crime (grading on a curve, ex. Only top 10% could get an A, people are likely to trick others) - Webero (economics and) IDEAS mattero sociology should be “value-free” – do it in an objective way like other sciences.o Bureaucracies = “soul crushing” $djao Bureaucracies maintain power(ful)- Simmelo Early “social network” theoristo Dyad – mutual interest Principle of least interest – the person with least interest has themost powero Triad – principle of least interest, power (attribute of structure) Structural power (alternatives) the person least interested has two options, whichD. Contemporary Theoretical Perspectives1. Functionalism (Macro Theory)- Assumes that society is orderly/stable- Assumes overall “consensus”- Manifest (intended) and Latent (unintended) Functions.2. Conflict Theory (Macro Theory)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Groups are in continuous power struggle for the control of scarce resources.3. Symbolic Interaction (Micro Theory)- Society is the sum the interactions between individual and groupsE. The Sociological Research Process1. Overview – systematic, continuous, quantitative and qualitative- Systematic = orderly, organized- Continuous = never “prove”- Quantitative = objective, statistics- Qualitative = subjective, themes2. The conventional Model (Durkheim and Suicide)- Hypothesis – stated expectation- Variable – independent, dependent -F. Research Methods- Survey Research (random sampling)- Secondary analysis of existing data- Field Work (participant/observation)o Ex: when Rebecca Nathan went back to college- Experiments (control/exposure)G. Ethical Issues In Sociological Research- Subjects – informed consent – risk – benefito People still want to know if you had failedo You have to let people know if you are experimenting someone.- Conflicts of interest- Full disclosure of