FWF 250 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Black BearsII. Swamp Vs. MarshIII. Measuring AlligatorsOutline of Current Lecture I. North America: Pre-1900sA. Era of AbundanceB. Era of ExploitationCurrent Lecture North America: Pre-1900s- Era of Abundanceo Landscape consisted of pristine beaches, dunes, coastal marshes, vast riverine forests, sand hills, maritime (on the coast) forests, piedmont, and pine forests.o Native Americans lived in harmony with the land.o There are records of history stating that grasslands existed along with animals associated with prairies. A prairie is an open landscape dominated by trees.o The first sighting of a bison was in January, 1762.o The population of the Eastern Meadowlark has decreased.o The heath hen, or native eastern prairie chicken, used to be abundant; however, it is now extinct. The last one was seen around 1934 in Massachusetts in Martha’s Vineyard. A lek is their breeding ground.o Elk were reintroduced in 2001.o Natural disturbances include fire, wind, ice/snow, flooding, insects, diseases, etc. Lightning caused fires. Native Americans used fire for protection and to attract food. Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer from the pre-colonial 1500s and stated that Native Americans used fire regularly without control. William Bartram(1776) made frequent references to the annual fires set by natives in the late 1700s. Longleaf pine forests are fire-loving and around 90 million acres.o Mosaic of habitat conditions: fire, windthrow, insect outbreaks, ice, floods, etc…, and now man. This created a patchy environment.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o After settlement in 1800, the land was fragmented and disturbed from high intensity land use. Natural plant communities were reduced and shifted to Ag-dominated. Settlers brought over small pox and pushed Native Americans out of the land. During the 1800s, the population increased from 5 million people to 76 million people. By 1819, all land east of the Mississippi River was claimed by U.S. New settlers were 95% rural and were closely ties to the land. Early settlers regarded mature southern forests as wilderness to be conquered. They considered natural resources considered unlimited, but these resources were quickly exploited. 320 million people live in U.S. today.- Era of Exploitationo 90% of the Great Smoky Mountains were logged. Railroad logging made it easier to travel to cut down trees for timber. o Some people believe that people from this era misinterpreted the Bible. Dominion, subdue, and rule over were utilized in Genesis. They thought they were supposed to conquer over the land and wildlife. Cultures can only advance when they learn from history, avoid mistakes, and capitalize on successes.o The passenger pigeon was the most populated bird species during this time, but now this species extinct. The disruption of their nesting colonies was too severe.o The Carolina parakeet is a southeastern native parrot. They were killed in the 19thand early 20th centuries. The last one died at the Cincinnati zoo.o Lord God Bird, or ivory-billed woodpecker, could be found in mature, swampy, riverine forests. The last one was seen in 1941. It may have been rediscovered in 2004, but it is not clear if it was actually rediscovered.o A punt gun is a homemade cannon with loads equivalent to ten or more shotgun shells that was used for market hunting of waterfowl. Some hunters killed around400 to 500 ducks per day. This took a toll on the populations of waterfowl. The large roosts were easy targets for hunters. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 outlawed market hunting of waterfowl.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a