POLS 102 1nd Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. IntroductionII. PaperIII. TestsOutline of Current Lecture II. Prisoners Dilemma DefinitionIII. Nash Equilibrium DefinitionIV. Politics V. Valuesa. How they are used in politicsb. American valuesi. Freedomii. Order1. Narrow2. Socialiii. Equalityc. How values conflictCurrent LecturePrisoners Dilemma – each person benefits from cooperating, but they have the incentive to exploit the other party.Nash Equilibrium – each person should exploit the other person because they can’t trust the other, so they try to get the best outcome for themselves. Politics – Processes through which a society translates its values into public policy outcomes.- They often conflicto Debates/votes in congresso Electionso Arguments with your roommates You try to convince your roommate to vote Republican, because it goes along with your values. -Values and interests used to get outcomes which have positive or negative implication on things that we care about.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o This is why politics are so important and worthy of attention.Values – principles which people believe in, often based on their understanding of what’s ethical or just. - In America, salient values include:o Freedom, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness It makes sense to monitor the government’s actions to make sure our freedom is protected. For example: should the government be allowed to wiretap?o Order Narrow order – the protection of life and property- Example: government passing laws to arrest someone if they steal your computer. This law is protecting your property- Hobb’s Example: without a police force, people would fight each other and kill all the time, with no consequences. We would all bepursuing our own interests or values. Social Order- visions for the perfect society and the government pursuing that vision.- People living their lives a certain way through promotion of the government.- Example: Should terminally ill people be able to end their own lives (or should their family members be allowed to)?- Example: Abortion or Pro-Choice?- Example: Should we have the death penalty?o Equality – everyone having the same amount of influence over the government. Political Equality – every person has one vote. Therefore, in America it is hard for one issue to have more stake in government than another.- BUT, campaign finance laws allow stakeholders to have more input. Political equality conflicts with freedom, because people can spend money to influence government, but not everyone has the ability to spend money on that. It would go against their freedom of speech if they were not allowed to give money to certain politicians.  Equality of Opportunity – everyone has the ability to pursue happiness equally. - Example: the government subsidizes student loans while you are still enrolled in college. Equality of Outcomes – everyone should have some minimal level of happiness - Example: housing, income, education, etc.These values conflict:When you pursue equality or order, you give away some freedom.How we categorize these values and payoffs, give us: Liberals, Conservatives, Libertarians, Fascists, etc. We can map ideologies based on these tradeoffs Equality # Liberals @ Conservatives % Libertarians Freedom Order # Liberals – aren’t trading freedom for order@ Conservatives – Oppose using government to pursue equality% Libertarians – like an even