AST 105 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Numbersa. Names for Large Powersb. Mass of Electron II. The Largest Object in the Solar (the Sun) a. Characteristics & Composition b. Differential Rotation III. Temperature Scale Names Current LectureNames for Certain Powers103 = Kilo106 = Mega 109 = Giga 1012= Tera1015= Peta Orders of Magnitude σ = “sigma”100=102 σ(2) 1000=103 σ(3) etc…60 orders of magnitude between mass of electron and mass of sun The Sun - Largest object in the solar system - Radius: 7x108 meters (also known as 109 earth radii)- Mass: 2x1030 kg (equal to about 100,000 Earths)- The Sun is not exactly a sphere, this indicates that it spins (rotation)- Volume: 1.44 x 1027m3- Density: (mass/volume) = 2x1030kg/1.44x1027m3= 1,400 kg/m3 Density of water: 1,000 kg/m3 Density of earth: 5,500 kg/m3- Composition: 74% hydrogen, 25% helium, 1% other- Age: 5 billion years (“sun is middle aged”) - Surface temperature: 5800 Kelvin Most of the electromagnetic radiation is in the visible range- Core temperature: about 16 million Kelvin (16x106K)- Suns luminosity: 3.9 x 1026 watts Differential Rotation - Rotation varies as to where you are Equator= 25 days Poles= 35 days Earth to sun distance: 1.5x108 KM [average & equal to 1 astronomical unit
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