Divine mythsLegendsFolktalesSymbolism and mythsPsychological TheoriesRelationship of myth & religionGreek ReligionBackground:Where Humans came from:Ovid and Hesiod said there were stages of manHesiodWar in Theogony:Rise of ZeusStage 1:Stage 2: OlympiansStage 3: Olympians getting it onZeus’ encounters with mortals:More people to know goddamnit!Myths:Hesiod’s and Aeschylus’ stories of PrometheusStory of PandoraJudgment of ParisVocabulary:EpicOdysseyHeraclesPerseus and TheseusPerseus & Legend of ArgosAndreomedaTheseus and Attica, CreteTheseusMedeaGuide for first half of semester:Divine myths- gods or divine abstractions are central characters- some cultures’ gods are anthropomorphic, may have more or less human-like "personalities" Legends- central characters are human beings - but frequently somehow greater or grander than ordinary people today - often regarded as ancestors of the people telling the myth - but can interact with the gods or even have a divine parent (demigods, from Greek demi, "half") - sometimes the main characters in legends are called "heroes"Folktales- central characters are generally human beings - but ordinary or even underdogs in society- folk motifs: patterns that occur in many types of folk tales - *also incorporated into myths and legendso the youngest child (or even orphan or other displaced person)o as hero or heroineo the wicked stepmothero the journey with obstacles to overcomeo the magical helper (human, animal or inanimate object)o the over-hasty wish (the peril of getting what you asked for)o the marriage of the hero to the princessSymbolism and myths- Basic Symbolism and Allegory- Cosmological Allegory (6th C BC)- Historical Allegory (Euhemeris)- Moral Allegory, e.g., Daphne and Apollo is an allegory about chastity.o Muller (19th century AD)– myths are allegories for sunlight and darknessPsychological Theories- Freud = Sex, dream-work,- Jung = collective unconscious, archetypesRelationship of myth & religion- divine myth, legends, folktales- telling of religious stories- reinforcement of religious beliefs- reinforcement of religious actionsGreek Religion- Polytheistic (gods and goddesses)- Warship at altars, shrines, and temples with offerings of animal sacrifices and vegetableso Parthenono Temple of Zeus at OlympiaBackground:- Time Periods: Bronze Age, Iron Age, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman- Civilizations: Helladic, Minoan, Mycenaean, Cycladic, Trojan- Places: Athens, Knossos, Phaistos, Mycenae, Pylos, TroyWhere Humans came from:- Ovid and Hesiod said there were stages of mano Gold – best time for humans to be alive, died peacefully in sleep -> went into earth, Kronos was rulero Silver – humans did not worship gods so Zeus wiped them outo Bronze –made by Zeus, always going to war with each other, everyone went to Hadeso Heroes – demigods made by Zeus, went to land of blessed (*not described by Ovid)o Iron – miserable, filled with toil and woeHesiod- Theogony– one poem which explains genealogy of the gods- Works and Days- Poet- Boiotia (central Greece)- 8th Century B.C Iron Age/ Archaic Period- Ionian HeritageTheogony - Kronos is afraid of prophecy against him so he eats his kids wholeo Rhea plots against him, swallows stone instead of Zeuso Zeus is hidden at Mt. Dikte in Creteo Later Kronos throws up kids Zeus releases the Titans (his uncles) whom Ouranos had bound, and theygive him thunder and lightingWar in Theogony:- Titanomachy – Zeus overthrows Kronoso Has help from Themis (justice), Hecatonchires, and Cyclops- Hecatonchires, Cyclops, and Themis support Zeus.- Gigantomachy – Zeus overthrows giants and monsters -o Zeus hides Titans in dark, moldy, terrifying cavern of Eartho Kills Typhoeus (snake monster born to Gaia and Tartaros)Rise of Zeus- Other Gods asked him to be their king- shown as clear communicator, generous, and fair – if you’re with him you’ll be rewarded,but don’t go against himGeneology of Primordial Beingso Out of Chaos (a void) comes: Nyx – night Gaia – Earth Erebus – gloom of underworld Tartarus – space of underworld Eros – lust/ sexo Without a mate, Gaia has Ouranos – the mountains Pontus – the sea Uranus – the heavensStage 1:o Ouranous + Gaia (sacred marriage of heaven and earth) Kronos Rhea Cyclopes 12 titans- Kronos won’t let Titans be born (keeps them inside Gaia)- Gaia makes a sickle and gives it to Kronos, convinces him to castrate Ouranos- shows women as deceptive, theory of boys want to kill fathers Hecatonchires (Hundred armed ones) Iapetos Oceanus Tethys Mnemosyne Echidna Hyperiono Out of Ouranos’ castration comes: Aphrodite/ Venus - foam the Furies Giantso Gaia + Pontus have marine offspring/monsters including: Gorgons Graeae/Graiai – 3 sisters who share 1 tooth and 1 eye Medusa – lover of Poseidon, slain by Perseus- Mother of Pegasus and Chrysaor (monster)o Grandchildren of Chrysaor: Theban Sphinx Lernaean Hydra Nemean Lion Cerebus (3 headed hound of Hades) Chimerao Nereus + Doris Nereids Thetis - justice Galatea (married to Acis) Amphitrite (married to Poseidon)o Nyx has many scary offspring (warning, don’t go out at night!), including: Moirai – The 3 Fates Eris – Discordo Nyx + Erebus Aether Hemerao Iapetos and Okeanos (a titan) have Prometheus- Goes against Zeus and gives fire to mortals- Zeus ties him up and has an eagle feed on his liver every day until Herkales frees him Atlas- Goes against Zeus and is sentenced to hold up the world for all eternity Epimetheus – receives Pandora, the molded virginStage 2: Olympians- Kronos + Rhea have the Olympianso Hestia/ Vesta – home and heartho Demeter/ Ceres – graino Hera/ Juno – marriageo Hades/ Pluto – underworldo Poseidon/ Neptune – the seao Zeus/ Jupiter – king of gods/ god of godsStage 3: Olympians getting it ono Zeus + Hera Hebe Ares/ Mars Eiethyia/Lucinao Zeus + Metis Athena/ Minervao Zeus + Leto Apollo Artemis/ Dianao Zeus + Maia Hermes/ Mercuryo Zeus + Semele Dionysis/ Baccuso Zeus + Alkmene Herakles/ Hercules/ Heracleso Zeus + Demeter Persephone/ Koreo Zeus + Themis (justice) Horai/Horae – seasons Morae - fates Eunomia Dike Eireneo Zeus + Eurynome Charities / Graceso Zeus + Mnemosyne Museso Hera, by herself, has Hephaistos (ugly)o Amphitrite + Poseidon TritonZeus’ encounters with