Phys 202 1nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Fundamental ForcesII. Maxwell’s EquationsIII. Coulomb’s LawA. EquationB. Electric FieldCurrent LectureFundamental forces:Gravitational force is considered a fundamental measure, meaning that it is the same, no matter where you are in the world. Gravitational force shares characteristics with other fundamental forces, including electromagnetic forces. The fundamental measure of electromagnetic force is charge (q). There are two types of charge, one that contains more protons than electrons (positive) and one that contains more electrons that protons (negative). Charges that are alike repel one another and opposite charges attract. According to Newtons’s third law, any force is essentially a mutual interaction between two objects that results in an equal and opposite push or pull upon those objects. Maxwells equations:Maxwells equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by one another and by charges and currents.Coulombs Laws:Coulombs law describes the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles. This law is essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism. Coulomb's law states:“The magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force is along the straight line joining them. If the two chargeshave the same sign, the electrostatic force between them is repulsive; if they have different sign, the force between them is attractive.”The equation for Coulombs law is:F=Ke(q1q2)/r2These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Where Ke is Coulomb’s constant (8.99x109Nm2/C2), q1 and q2 are the magnitude of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges. Coulombs law can also be represented using the constant Eo, which represents the permittivity of free space. The value of Coulomb’s constant is actually equal to Ke=1/(4πEo), meaning that Eo is equal to 8.85x10-12 C2/Nm2. For Coulomb’s law to apply, charges must be “point charges” and they must be stationary in respect to one another.The equation for Coulomb’s Law looks very similar to the Law of gravitation. As mentioned before, this is because both laws are considered fundamental laws. Both rely on a constant that does not change, no matter where you are, as well as interactions between two bodies or points, and the distance between them. However, electric force is much stronger than gravitational force. In fact, electric force is roughly 1042 times greater than gravitational force.Electric Field:An electric field is a group of vectors generated by a single point charge that associates the strength and direction of the Coulomb force experienced by a test charge to its respective points in space. The strength and direction of the Coulomb force (F) on a test charge (qt) depends on the electric field (E) it’s in. In this case, the vector force can be represented by the equation; F= qtE. If the electric field is generated by a positive point charge (+q), then the electric field will point along lines directed radially outwards from it, away from the center charge. A negative point charge will have the opposite effect, generating an electric field that points radially inwards.The magnitude of the electric field (E) is derived from Coulomb's law. In any situation, one point charge is chosen to be the source, and the other is the test charge. The magnitude of the electric field (E) created by a point charge (q) at a certain distance from it (r) can be represented by the