CHM 1210 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current LectureI. Matter and Energya. States of matterb. Forms of Energyc. Classes of MatterCurrent Lecture1.1 States of Matter Definitions: Chemistry = the study of the composition, structure, and properties of _matter____ and of the__energy___ consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change oMatter = anything that has _mass_ and occupies _space_ oMass = the quantity of _matter_ in an object Matter exists in three phases or physical states: oA solid has a definite __shape and volume___. oA liquid has definite volume but not a definite shape_. It takes _the shape of its container_____________. oA gas (vapor) has _no definite shape or volume__.  It expands to __fit in its container__. Obs: According to the atomic theory, all forms of matter are composed of microscopic particles. Definitions: oAtom = the smallest particle of an element that retains the _chemical properties orcharacteristics of the element oMolecules = a collection of atoms chemically bonded together by _chemical bonds (covalent bonds)__ oChemical Bond = a force that holds two atoms in a molecule or a compound __together____ These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Obs: Matter can be transformed from one physical state to another as temperture__ is raised or lowered. 1.2 Forms of Energy Definitions: oEnergy = the ability to do _work_ Forms of energy: oWork (w) = the energy required to move or travel through a given distance (W=FxD)___oHeat (q) = a flow of energy from one object or place to another due to differencesin temperture of the objects or places___ _ Chemical reaction = the ___conversion_____ of one or more substances into one ore more different substances. Forms of energy: oPotential energy (PE) = the energy stored in an object because of _its position orcomposition____ oKinetic Energy (KE) = the energy of an object in motion due to __its mass(m) and its speed(u) (KE= 1/2 (m x u.squared))_ Law of conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed____, but can be _transformed or changed from one form to another___ 1.3 Classes of Matter Classes of matter oPure Substances oSame __physical and chemical properties___ throughout the entire mass oCannot be separated into simpler substances by physical processes oMixtures oCombination of _two or more pure substances__ oCan be separated by physical processes Classes of pure substances oElements o_pure substance__ that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process oCompounds oPure substance composed of _two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions_ Ionic compoundoCan be broken down into individual elements by chemical means Classes of elements oAtomic elements = elements whose particles are _single atoms__ oMolecular elements = elements whose particles are _multi-atoms______ oCertain elements occur as two atom molecules • Rule of 7’s Other elements occur as polyatomic molecules • P4, S8,