Who did it Who was it done for What is it s subject matter What is the style When Why does it look this way Lecture 1 15 15 Mannerism Ideas o o o o rebellion against renaissance traditions theatricality instability shock value reaction to the destabilization of the church and society the sack of rome the holy roman emperor Charles v attacked and captured the city killed many and imprisoned pope clement vii marked the end of papal military power and established the position of emperor as subservient to that of the pope discovery of the western hemisphere and indigenous cultures the other half of the world artistic style o Dynamic and unstable forms artificial effects and humor Sacro Bosco Sacred Wood Villa Orsini Bomarzo Italy The first amusement park Landscape forms to present escape surprise humor Giulio Romano Courtyard of the Palazzo del Te made for wealthy nobleman Inside Fall of the Giants from Sala dei Giganto Creates tension by defying viewer expectations looks like the room is falling o deliberately complex compositions Correggio Antonion Allergi Assumption of the virgin in Dome of Parma Cathedral o Emphasis on variety and virtuso display instead of clarity and unity Giovanni bologna Rape of the sabine women Florence marble o Serpentine form Movement o An elite style emphasizing erudite subject matter that appealed to a specialized audience Agnolo bronzino allegory of venus oil on wood Done for the court of st king francis 1 Possible joys and sorrows of love Benvenuto cellini saltcellar of francis I gold ebony niello o Purposeful denial of visual traditions exaggerations of chiaroscuro scale and perspective Optical illusions violent contrasts theatrical lights effects Jacopo pontormo joseph in Egypt oil on wood Stairway to no where Little figures No visual markers Parmigianino Madonna with the long neck oil on panel Large body small face long neck Distorted shaped like a round vessel Mary was called the spotless vessel Tintoretto last supper oil on canvas More people Table flys into distance El Greco burial of count orgaz oil on canvas St Anthony and st steven placing count orgaz Made for church count orgaz gave money too Recommends count to heaven Pieter Aertsen the meat stall oil on panel Commissioned by the butchers guild Painted for its shock value First still life Subject hidden in background o Virgin mary and baby giving bread to poor Pretzel made for lent Music o Giovanni Gabrieli In ecclesiis Devised the broken chorus effect Choral and instrumental alternatue for dramatic contrast o Claudio Monetverdi Overture to Orfeo Opera Venetian composer first public opera house built in venice Early opera was multi media event with music art and dance Secular form Madrigal Zefro torna Secular not meant for the church Two or more singers Representative style words reflect the emotional imagery of the poetic text Lecture 1 20 15 Baroque Styles Italian and Spanish Baroque Styles o Italy and Spain responses to the Roman Catholic Counter Reformation o France dominated by the absolute monarchy of King Louis XIV o The Netherlands influenced by Protestant capitalist values and scientific advances o England spirit of compromise reflecting creation of a constitutional monarchy Ideas o Paradigms o Galileo Galilei Proves existence of the heliocentric universe using the telescope His theories displace the 2000 year old belief that the earth is the center of universe o Isaac Newton Discovers laws of physics and proposes mathematical model of the universe o Antoni van Leewenhoek Invents the microscope expanding universe to thing invisible to naked eye o Rene Descartes Proposes the body separate from the immortal soul in an examination of human emotions o Capitalism are introduced into gov t Baroque Style in Italy and Spain o The Counter Reformation A reaction to the split of the formerly unified church into roman cath and protestant Art and architecture becomes part of vast public relations program to increase number of converts to Catholicism o The Council of Trent Lasted 20 years Council of Catholic officials reaffirmed traditional catholic doctrines and recommend reforms of liturgy practices and art o The Inquisition Catholic church created an index Purpose was to investigate unapproved and suspicious religious actives to ban books and art and punish people by imprisonment of execution Paolo Veronese Feast in the House of Levi oil on canvas Originally titled the last supper Party scene Jesus attended Women dwarfs soldiers Painting Rome o Caravaggio Open homosexual Was a member of the homosexual household of Cardinal del Monte Style Representations of sacred personages and events in low life surrounings Exaggerated tenebroso Emotional immediacy Suggestion of momentary action Troubled personality convicted of murder but fled to rome to escape Shocking paintings painted to appeal towards a certain catholic The ones that weren t rich the poor and illiterate Embodies the messages of the preacher Philip Neri The Calling of St Matthew oil on canvas Jesus points to man he wants as a disciple Caravaggio emphasizes psychology of scene by Composition Light and Shadow Tenebroso dark tones Allows for highlight important parts of painting The Death of the Virgin oil on canvas The Musicians oil on canvas Young boys o Artemesia Gentileschi One of the first professional female painters in an era where women were illiterate Worked in style of Caravaggio Underwent public trial when a teacher raped her She won Judith Slaying Holofernes oil on canvas Judith beheads Holofernes the enemy general He falls in love with her Judith gets him inside her tent and beheads him o Ceiling Painting Annibale Carraci Loves of the Gods fresco Divides the ceiling into geometrical sectors framed by painting architecture in the manner of easel pictures Andrea Pozzo The Triumph of St Ignatius fresco Style o Ceiling defies geometric boundaries and is a model of illusionism o Each corner is devoted to one of the far corners of the world American Africa asia and Eurpoe Church dedicated to Ignatius Loyola founded Jesuit Order society of Jesus Spiritual Exercises describes the experiences of heaven and hell and the mysteries of faith as vivid physical sensations Architecture Rome o Church of Ill Gesu Giacomo Vignola and Giacomo della Porta Combines classical motifs and renaissance models Basilica plan with domed crossing Very plain building huge inside is beautiful Counter reformation wanted massive amounts of people to come to