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UA CL 222 - Hesiod's Theogony
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I. Hesiod’s TheogonyHesiod’s TheogonyTruth vs. FalsehoodHesiod’s BackgroundA Special GlossaGenerations of the Gods (there were three)Weltanschauung (World View)Hesiod, Theogony 517 ff.ExamplesArtworkMore ExamplesQuiz QuestionsCL 222 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Underlying Principle of this ClassII. Carl JungIII. Life and the WindIV. Death and the MaidenV. MythologyVI. AnthropomorphicVII. Subject of MythsVIII. ScepticismIX. Geography and Major SitesX. What is the Nature of the Greek myth?XI. Major Geographical Points of GreeceXII. What are the differences between Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations?XIII. What were the Cyclopean Walls?XIV.Who were the Dorian Greeks?XV. Quiz QuestionsOutline of Current Lecture I. Hesiod’s TheogonyII. Truth vs. FalsehoodIII. Hesiod’s BackgroundIV. A Special GlossaV. Generations of the GodsVI. WeltanschauungVII. Hesiod’s Theogony 517 ff.VIII. ExamplesIX. ArtworkX. More ExamplesXI. Quiz QuestionsCurrent Lecture Hesiod’s TheogonyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. (in the picture shown) you can see Aphrodite being born (out of the seashell); there are fish around her Poseidon is there with a trident Hermes is there with his traveling hat Truth vs. Falsehood Divine Revelation Moses wrote the Pentateuch (1st five books of the Bible) and relied upon divine revelation: someone above you passing down stories or art Muses- 9 daughters of Zeus- inspire various arts Zeus and Mnemosyne: had the 9 Muses Mnemosyne means “memory” Memory was the first thing you need to create anything The 1st words from the Muses (they undermine themselves from the beginning): “Listen you country bumpkins, you swag-bellied yahoos, we know how to tell many lies that pass for truth, and we know, when we wish, to tell the truth itself.” Mediators: the Muses set themselves up to be mediators between the divine and humans No poet can say anything about the gods unless the Muses fill them with oracular power Poets are nothing but a mouthpiece through which the Muses disclose the mysteries of the universe Hesiod’s Background Hesiod was a farmer and shepherd on Mt. Helicon, and a poet who flourished in 700 B.C. shortly after Homer He received poet inspiration from the Muses by drinking at the sacred Hippocrene on Mt. Helicon He then told how the world developed from Chaos (nothingness) to an ordered structure controlled by the Olympian gods Hesiod began composing his epic poem and began by describing the Muses’ birth from Zeus and Mnemosyne A Special Glossa The use of poetry Glossa in this case is poetry Poetry weaves together truth and falsehood to say what it wants to elevate our thinking Divine accommodates to human lowliness “The Holy Spirit of its own accord makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered.” Romans 8:26 Transcendency of the divine- too transcendent for our low thinking Generations of the Gods (there were three) Chaos (1), Gaia (Gea) (2) – can be whole Earth or individual Ouranos (sky), Gea (Earth) Gea had Ouranos on her own Gea: brood-breasted and holds the snowy peaks of Olympus Ouranos and Gea eventually have: Titans: 6 sons, 6 daughters Cyclopes: represent thunder and lightning; there were 3 Hecatoncheires (100 handed giants) These were POWERFUL Ouranos is scared/ threatened by the babies, so as Gea’s giving birth, he shoves the back up the birth canal Gea uses adamantine steel to cut into her own belly, recruits Cronos, and gets revenge then “God separated the heavens and the earth” Cronos (the youngest of Gea’s babies) and the Scythe ( adamantine steel weapon) Cronos frees his siblings by attacking and slashing Ouranos’ “junk” off and from the blood and balls Aphrodite and the Furies are created Corybantes/ Curetes Cronos married Rhea (his sister) and she becomes the new “mother earth” and they becomethe king and queen, starting the next generation Cronos is threatened by his offspring (as was Ouranos) and every time Rhea gives birth, he eats the child Rhea hid Zeus (god of the cosmos) on the island of Crete with a nymph, Amalthea, as his caretaker; Cronos ate a rock in place of an actual child To hide Zeus, every time he cried the Corybantes/ Curetes (mythical soldiers) banged on their shields with swords Titanomachy: “clash of the Titans” Eventually Zeus and Metis (his aunt Titaness) drugged Cronos with an emetic and he threw up all the children he had previously eaten Some Titans and the children sided with Zeus and his siblings in hopes that victory would equal authority Prometheus (son of a Titan) convinced Zeus to let the Cyclopes from prison to acquire thunderbolts for weapons Zeus won and locked Cronos in Gea’s Tartarus with Hecatoncheires to guard them Gigantomachy: “clash of the giants” Gea then became angry with Zeus for imprisoning her own children in her belly Gea creates giants out of herself to attack Zeus and the Olympian gods Zeus put mountains over the giants which (as Greeks believe) became the volcanoes all around the Mediterranean world Weltanschauung (World View) Greek world-view as seen in the creation1. Division into opposites (but not polar opposites) Interconnections, interrelations, intersections, mergings, passageways Example: CHAOS & GEA The meaning of “chaos” in Greek→yawning; gaping hole; opening; nothingness Related to “chasm” Mega chasm- Gea has this within herself- Gea’s mega chasm (great nothingness) is Tartarus Hesiod, Theogony 517 ff. “Tartarus is fended with bronze and round its gullet drifts night in triple array, while above it grow the roots of the Earth and of the barren sea. There, by the decree of Zeus the cloud-gatherer1 the divine Titans have been hidden in the midst gloom in a rank realm at the utmost limits of giant Earth. There is no escape for them; Poseidon built gates of bronze, and a wall runs around on every side. There dwell Gyges, Briareos, and high mettled Kottos 2, ever the trusted guards of aegis-bearing3 Zeus. There, in proper order, lie the sources and the limits of the black earth and of midst-wrapt Tartarus, of the barren sea too and of the starry sky- grim and dank andloathed


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UA CL 222 - Hesiod's Theogony

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