Underlying Principle of this ClassCarl JungLife and the WindDeath and the MaidenMythologyAnthropomorphicSubject of MythsScepticismGeography and Major Sites:What is the nature of the Greek myth?Major Geographical Points of GreeceWhat are the differences between Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations?What were the Cyclopean Walls?Who were the Dorian Greeks?Quiz QuestionsCL 222 1nd Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. SyllabusOutline of Current LectureII. Underlying Principle of this ClassIII. Carl JungIV. Life and the WindV. Death and the MaidenVI. MythologyVII. AnthropomorphicVIII. Subject of MythsIX. ScepticismX. Geography and Major SitesXI. What is the Nature of the Greek myth?XII. Major Geographical Points of GreeceXIII. What are the differences between Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations?XIV. What were the Cyclopean Walls?XV. Who were the Dorian Greeks?XVI. Quiz QuestionsCurrent Lecture Underlying Principle of this Class Humanities humanistic approach- Renaissance writers, scholars, educators, and elite began to think more about what it means to be a human being. Insights to Our Humanity University- transcends cultures myths offer observations on the human condition that transcend any one culture or era Root metaphors metaphorically speaking about roots of our subconsciousThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. traditional- handed down from generation to generation until it becomes part of the influence of the way people think and live Universal subconscious The Global Mind Joseph Campbell mythologist; wrote Power of Myth; believed mythical stories sprang from human psyche and reveal something of the universal human experience Carl Jung theorized about a collective unconscious that contains universal predispositions called archetypes: paradigms of thoughtCarl Jung Jung visited an insane asylum where a mentally impaired man told him that an oscillating phallus(penis) extended from the Sun and that is what caused the wind He discovered a series of manuscripts (papyrus) from the “Mithraic” Mysteries Cult (400 A.D., Egypt (150 A.D.)) the Mithraic Mysteries contained prayers, invocations, visions, liturgies, and chants “… and likewise the so-called aulos, the origin of ministering wind. For you will see hangingdown from the disc of the Sun something that looks like an aulos.” aulos- fluteLife and the Wind a dove represents Agion Pneuma (lungs) and Spirit Sanctus (wind, breathe of god) wind, ghost, breath breathe our last, expire, give up the ghost Pythagoreans and the beans elements: sun, tube, wind people thought the wind from the oscillating phallus extending from the Sun is what impregnated Mary archetypes are paradigms of thought these are structures that base our ideas of the world myths are walking dreams (what really goes on in our psyche)Death and the Maiden Iphigenia-Agamemnon-Achilles Iphigenia is Agamemnon’s daughter Agamemnon was the leader of them all; he needed to sacrifice his daughter to get great winds and he did the moment Iphigenia thought she was going to get married, she died Eurydice-Orpheus Antigone-Creon Alcestis-Admetus (marriage bed) Aretemis (Diana)Mythology -logy: root meaning “study of” muthos: traditional story handed down from generation to generation from early on “artificial” myths: myths that are written down by a poet religion and epithets: wanted to associate powers and divinities Aphrodite Nymphia Aphrodite Peitho (Athens) Aphrodite Ambologera (Sparta) Aphrodite Pandemos (Athens-Theseus) epithets (i.e. Nymphia, Peitho, Ambologera, and Pandemos) are used to associate functions and powers to these divinities Athens: give a token, say a prayer Sparta: Aphrodite temple, moms would tell their children to come back with your shield or on it (do not flee) Ambologera: wards off old ageAnthropomorphic vs. the Egyptians divinities had human being emotions and body types Hebrew-Golden Calf-Exodus the gods were not in animal shape Paul-Romans the biggest distinction was that they were immortal (the gods) human beings were the crowning of everything Minotaur, Medusa the Gorgon, CentaursSubject of Myths Cosmogony and Theogony: the birth of the universe and the gods Titans and Olympians first 2 generations of gods (Olympians were smarter and more human like) Heroes (Herkales, Theseus, Perseus, etc.) all demi-gods: divinity and human folklore and legendScepticism Paul and Barnabas (Acts 14:8-15) Lystra in Asia Minor (Turkey) the people of Lystra showed their faith in the ancient myths by trying to carry out a sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas, Zeus, and Paul, the speaker, Hermes Zeus and Hermes Xenophanes: Greek poet and thinker who was skeptical about the traditional conception of divine beings; Jean-Pierre Vernant summarized his works Plato: Greek philosopher that argued that the old mythographers (people who create myths) should be kicked out of his ideal city because the gods that they dreamed up act immorally and so provided a poor example for citizens Hellenistic philosophers Euhemerus Lucretius: Roman philosopher argued that myths were not allegories created by some intellectual, but were really born out of the ignorance of early humans about the workings of natureGeography and Major Sites: Greece was at the heart of the ancient world Ionia (coast of Asia Minor) held important Greek cities like Ephesus (Artemis stood there) Aegean Sea held Greek islandsWhat is the nature of the Greek myth? it speaks a language that shakes the mind loose from the confines of a rational existence that threatens to choke it or minimize it, and it elevates it to an irrational plane where the perspectives are new and possibilities are wilderMajor Geographical Points of Greece Greece: mostly mountainous; provided marble; had soil suitable for harvesting grapes and olive trees Mt. Olympus: home of the Olympian gods; peak of the mountain is throne-shaped Dodone: little remains here; Zeus was said to speak oracles through priests by means of a rustling oak tree Athens: the center hold several buildings and monuments from ancient times; Thession ( a temple used to worship Hephaestus ) is located here;