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GSU CIS 8040 - 1. Introduction

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CIS 8040 - An IntroductionIntroduction Outline What is a DBMS? Why DBMS? Evolution of DBMS.  File Systems  Hierarchical DBMS  Network DBMS  Relational DBMS  Next Generation DBMS Course StructureWhat Is a DBMS? Application Tools DBMS DatabaseDatabaseReal World Applications DB Software HardwareWhat Is a DBMS?... Hardware - Computer equipment Software  DBMS -- Effective, efficient, and reliable management for  Data storage  Data retrieval  Data update -- insertion, modification, and deletion  Automated tools -- DB design and application development Database -- Data collection  Data -- Stored facts  Information -- Extracted and derived data for specific purposeWhat Is a DBMS?... Database Applications (i.e. consumer applications) Database users  Application Programmers  End Users  Database Administrators (DBAs)  Manages the database  Consult the users  Develop and coordinate the DB application development  Make database policies and data standard  And more . . .Why DBMS? CorporateDatabaseReal World Operational Activities & Management Management Planning & Control Policies Goals, & Strategic Planning Strategic data Management data Operation dataBenefits  Centralized control of data  Reduced data redundancy (reduced does not mean minimized)  Reduced problems of inconsistency  Promote data sharing  Data Independence  Improved application development  The enforcement of  Data standards  Integrity requirements  Security restrictionsDisadvantages  Expensive  DBMS software is not cheap  Hardware required  Higher operating costs  Complexity...requires a  Database Administrator (DBA)  Programmers  Recovery from failure is more difficult  Greater susceptibility to sabotageThe Database Approach  Is more than:  simply acquiring a DBMS  collecting and storing data in one integrated database  hiring a DBA  Is rooted in the attitude of:  sharing valued data resources (i.e., data is an asset)  releasing control of these resources to a common responsible authority  cooperating in the maintenance of those shared data resourcesEvolution of DBMS Closing the gap File Systems Object-Oriented DB systems Relational DB Systems Hierarchical & Network Systems 50's 60's & 70's 80's 90's Natural Language DB systems ~2005 - todayFile Systems (1950's) Basic constructs:  A file contains a set of sequential data records  Each record consists of a set of data fields  Pointers linking records Indexing provides random access to the records. Basic operations  Open, close, or reset a file,  Read, write, or delete a record. ISAM ( Indexed Sequential Access Method ) VSAM ( Virtual Storage Access Method )Disadvantages of File Systems Uncontrolled data redundancy, data inconsistency Poor data sharing Difficult to keep up with changes  Record format vs. user requirements  Programs vs. record format Low productivity High maintenance costHierarchical DBMS (1960's) course# title section# date time locationID# nameemp# nameCourseClass InstructorStudent teach Prereq takeprereq# gradeHierarchical DBMS... . . . . . . . . . c2 MW 4:40 RM 200 c2 MW 7:10 RM 232 CIS3210 CIS3300 CIS3730 Intro to DBMS CIS3260 c1 MW 7:10 RM 232 s3 Peter A e3 John Course Prereq Class Instructor Student CIS3310 Sys. Design ... CIS 8140 Database sys ... CIS8110 c1 MW 4:40 RM 200 . . . . . . e2 Sue e1 Fred s1 Tom B s2 Lisa A s1 Tom A . . .Network DBMS (1970's) course# title section# date time locationID# nameemp# nameCourseClass InstructorStudent teach require offer takeNetwork DBMS... . . . CIS3730 Intro. to DBMS s3 Peter e3 John Course Class Instructor Student CIS3210 Intro. prog. ... c1 MW 4:40 RM 200 e2 Sue e1 Fred s1 Tom s2 Lisa s4 Linda c2 MW 7:10 RM 232 c1 MW 7:10 RM 232 c2 MW 4:40 RM 200 teach takeDisadvantages of These DBMS Complex record structures High maintenance cost Difficult to change Record structures and links Application programs Physical implementation dependent IMS is a hierarchical DBMS IDMS is a network DBMS.Relational DBMS (1980's) Advantages:  Simple representation  Associative (declarative) queries -- User specifies what data are wanted and the DBMS figures out where and how to access the data Disadvantages:  Primitive data values  Lower level representation DB2, ORACLE, SQL Server, MySQL, etc. SUPPLIERObject-Oriented DBMS Group data and processes Understand complex objects Easy to maintain and change Improved productivity ONTOS, GemStone, ObjectStore from Object Design, OpenODB etc. Supplier name, Status City, ... vote change-address supply . . . Parts name, color, weight, ... for construction parts’ significance . . . suppliesNatural Languages • Queries to the DB are done by recognition and translation of human language into a form understandable by the both the application program and the DBMS • Intelligence must be present to determine the semantics of the query • Present day examples: Android OS, iPhone 4s.Course Structure Basic concepts DBMS Database Design Database Management Data independence DB Architecture DBMS Data models SQL Algebra Integrity rules Semantic Relational Object-oriented Error Recovery Concurrency control Query optimization OO Design Methodology E-R mapping Relation Normalization FD Update anomalies Normal forms No loss Decomposition Hierarchical Network Relational Distributed DBMS Natural


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