4/7 HirschiNo session next week.Delinquency and communication with father:More communication with father, less crime rateBe like their friends: more attached to peers, less crimeAs youth more attached to their delinquent friend, they are more likely to crime. They learn from their peers.Those who want to be like their delinquent friends commit less crime. Entire opposite as the differeitialassociation or any learning theory would suggest.Matter: how close is one to those friends. Attachment: neutralize delinquent. Nature of d friends doesn’t matter,what matters is the attachment.Why would a youth associate a delinquent kid to the first place? According to H, the selection effect. Theindividual has delinquent to begin with. More likely to associate with other delinquent. The youth is out control,more likely to fall into a crowd similar out of control.H: didn’t focus on amplification effect. Because one is out of control in the first place. Nature of the relationshipin delinquent peer groups. “cold and brutal”: boy doesn’t give a damn about one another, unlikely to learn fromone another.2nd element of social control: commitment: rational component of conformity.Smoke, drink, date:25% of those who did not smoke, drink date, commit crime. Rate of delinquency go up when move to 1. Adult activities: not appropriate for teenagers.Imitating adulthood: not age appropriate, skip adolescent years, don’t give a damn about school. They are notcontrol by the norm of school.Lack of commitment.Aspirations but not expectations: crime!Disjunction: when there’s a big gap between aspiration and expectations: crime!Aspire professional, get manual: 90% delinquency decreases when there is a wider gap between aspirations andexpectations. Contrary to strain theoryHigh aspirations: high commitments, a force of social control.Involvements: those kids who have more to do, busier, will commit fewer delinquent acts. too busy to involve indelinquency. Working for pay.Data: working for pay: more likely to commit delinquent acts. There are always times for crime!Working for pay: working is adult activity, low commitment for young people.H asked the young people: most criminals shouldn’t be blamed for the things they have done. This statement: strongly agree: 51 strongly disagree 39If a person is attached to his parents, more likely to attach to school, hold all the goals. If people haverelationships with institutions, they will believe what the institutions teach.All these factors go together: H’s theory is always misrepresented. Human beings by nature selfish, violent: restrained by social control. Nosuch assumption. No primordial human nature.No theory of motivation in H’s social control theory. We don’t have to need a theory to explain criminal behavior. When you are free, you can do whatever you want to do. Out of control
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