PSYC 250 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Caring for ChildrenA. Improving the lives of childrenB. Resilience, Social Policy, and Children’s DevelopmentIII. Developmental Processes, Periods, and Issuesa. Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processesb. Periods of Development c. Age and Cohort Effectsd. Issues in DevelopmentIV. The Science of Child Development a. Importance of Researchb. Theories of Child developmentc. Research Methods for Collecting Datad. Research Designse. Challenges in Child Development Research Outline of Current Lecture V. What we have already discussedVI. Thirteen: VideoVII. The Science of Child Developmenta. Importance of researchb. Research methods for collecting datac. Research Designsd. Article: Gay-Parenting for Adopted ChildrenCurrent LectureV. What we have already discussed- Focus on interplay of biological, socioemotionally, cognitive features of children- How development-change over time-occurs within contexts- Will these contexts have factors that make an individual more or less resilient to risk factorsVI. Thirteen: VideoThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- What has changedo Mother isn’t responsible and cares more about herself; has a substance problemo Father is out of the pictureo The you girl is being made fun of at school tells mother she needs new clothes and immediately starts to change the way she dresseso The girl at school notices her and asks to hangouto She starts to smoke cigaretteso She starts stealing because the “cool girls” do it and she wants to fit in o Lower income familyo Has no one to talk to about her transition into middle schoolo Mother lets her do whatever she wants; no authoritative figure**changes in context=Increased exposure VIII. The science of Child Development- The importance of researcho Scientific research is objective, systematic, and testable. It reduces the likelihoodthat information will be based on personal beliefs, opinions, and feelingso Includes the following steps: conceptualize a process or the problem to be studied, collect research information data, analyze data, draw conclusions - Scientific method of inquiry: variables at the point of transition- Research methods for collecting data o Observation: trained observes systematically gether, record, and communicate observationso Laboratory: controlled setting with many of the complex factors of the “real world” removedo Naturalistic observation: observing behavior in real-world settingso Survey and Interview: often the best and quickest way to get information about peopleo Standardized Test: uniform procedures for administering and scoringo Case Studyo Physiological measures: fMRI, EEG- Research designs o Descriptive research: aims at observing and recording behavior and can reveal important information but cannot show cause and effecto Correlational research: describes a strength of the relationship between two or more events/variables. The more strongly correlated the two events are, the more effectively we can predict one event from the other o Experiment: carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while other factors are held constant. Includes experimental group, control group, and random assignment Experimental group: a group whose experience is manipulated; experiments can involve one or more experimental groups Control group: a comparison group; experiments can involve one ore more control groups. Serves as a baseline against which the effects of themanipulated condition can be compared Random assignment: the researchers assign participants to experimental and control groups by chance. Reduces the likelihood that the experiment’s results will be due to any preexisting differences between groups Time span of research- Cross-sectional approach: a research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at the same point in time- Longitudinal approach: a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several
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