EpineuriumEpineuriumEndoneuriumOligodendrocyteAstrocyteMicrogliaSatellite CellsSchwann CellsEpendymal CellsGlial CellsNeurogliaDendritic SpineSulcus/Fissure vs. GyrusCNS PNSAfferent vs. EfferentChemotaxisCauda EquinaConus MedullarisFilum TerminaleCentral CanalGray HornsWhite ColumnDura MaterArachnoid MaterSubarachnoid SpacePia MaterDorsal Root GanglionReflex ArcStretch ReflexSensation vs. PerceptionLongitudinal FissureTelencephalonDiencephalonMesencephalonMetencephalonMyelincephalonCentral SulcusPre central GyrusPost Central GyrusLateral FissureFornixMammillary BodiesThalamusHypothalamusSupra Chiasmatic NucleusEpithalamusPineal Body/GlandChoroid PlexusCingulate GyrusCorpus CallosumSeptum PellucidumHippocampusAmygdalaCerebellumCerebral AqueductBlood-Brain BarrierFrontal LobeParietal LobeOccipital LobeTemporal LobeCaudate NucleusClaustrumBasal GangliaLimbic SystemCorpora QuadrageminaOptic ChiasmTectumReticular Activating SystemPonsMedulla OblongataSensory PathwayMotor PathwayHomunculusWernicke’s AreaBroca’s AreaGeneral Interpretive AreaPrefrontal CortexDentate GyrusSympathetic Nervous SystemParasympathetic Nervous SystemGeneral SensesSpecial SensesBaroreceptorsBony Labyrinth vs. Membranous LabyrinthMalleus, Incus, StapesAuditory Tube/EustachianTubeScala Media, Vestibuli, Tympani3 Tunics of the Eye (& their structures)Optic NerveFoveaBlind SpotCRANIAL NERVESNAME # MODALITY FORAMEN OTHER INFOIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIISympathetic Nervous System[thoracolumbar]___________________________(structure)Vertebral Level: _______Target(structure)(structure)_____________________SynapseTarget(structure)(structure)(structure)SynapseNeurotransmitters: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Neurotransmitters: ________________________________________________________________________________________Structure: _________________________Vertebral Level: ______Parasympathetic Nervous System[craniosacral]*Cranial Nerves:____________________________________________________________________________________________________(structure)(structure)Neurotransmitter:__________________________Vertebral Level: _________________________________________________________(structure)(structure)1. Where does the spinal cord end?2. Where do spinal nerves begin?3. How many pairs of spinal nerves?4. *Spinal nerves are what type of nerves?5. *Homeostasis is maintained by what mechanism?6. The filum terminale is part of which meningeal layer?7. What structure is continuous with the dura mater?8. Spinoreticular vs. Corticospinal (motor or sensory?)9. Which nerve is the largest nerve in the body?10. T/F Reflex Arcs are unconscious actions11. T/F Stretch Reflexes are unconscious actions12. A stretch reflex involves what motor neurons?13. If you were to poke through the septum pellucidum, what structure would you find?14. *If you were to cut either side of the 3rd ventricle, what structure would you find?15. T/F The spinal cord has an epidural space16. T/F The brain has an epidural space17. What 2 things does the brain need in order to survive?18. How is the major brain drain vein formed?19. What are classic signs of a sympathetic response?20. The trochlear nerve is special because it is the only nerve that . . ..21. The superior and inferior colliculi that make up the corpora quadragemina are within or below the level of consciousness?22. *How many branches are there of the facial nerve and what are their names? (“Which are, or are not, branches of the facial nerve?”)23. *Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic autonomic response?24. *T/F Being in a chronic vegetative state is considered to be a conscious state of awareness25. The adrenal medulla acts as what in the sympathetic nervous system?26. T/F The sympathetic nervous system response is an all-or-none action27. T/F The sympathetic nervous system deals with digestive function28. Myelin is produced by which structures in which nervous systems?29. Which autonomic divisions deal with which sexual functions?30. Neurons of the parasympathetic division are considered to be what?31. What receptors are associated with pain?32. *Which cranial nerves are associated with taste (gustation)?33. What fluid would you find in the body labyrinth and membranous labyrinth?34. Name the bones of the ear from lateral to medial35. Why do babies get more ear infections than adults?36. Depolarization in the ear results in what perception?37. Where is the blind spot found?Important information, just didn’t know where to fit it in the study guide- There is a constant flow through the brain- Aqueduct of midbrain is continuous with the central canal- A coma is sometimes considered to be a conscious state of awareness- Sympathetic and Parasympathetic of the ANS are usually antagonistic, but they are synergistic in sexual function, urination, and defecation - *Sympathetic Nervous System has a short preganglionic axon and a long postganglionic axon, the opposite is true for the Parasympathetic Nervous System (long preganglionic axon, short post ganglionic axon)- Lateral horn of anterior spinal cord (S2-S4)= parasympathetic- Don’t confuse dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia- Perception is reality- *Deep pressure/crude touch is very poorly localized (2 point touch test)- There is a constant biofeedback happening in the body with the baroreceptors and