Chapter 8 Equilibria Containing Metal Ions Equilibria with Transition Metal Ions Can involve one or more of the following Acid base equilibria Complex ion equilibria Solubility equilibria Metal Complex Ions Jargon Complex ion ionic species consisting of a metal ion bonded to one or more Lewis bases Coordinate bond bond formed when one anion molecule donates a pair of electrons to another ion molecule to form a covalent bond Ligand a Lewis base bonded to the central metal ion of a complex ion Inner coordination sphere ligands that are bond directly to a metal via coordinate covalent bonds Common Ligands Lewis Bases Lewis Acids and Bases Lewis Base Substance that donates a lone pair of electrons Lewis Acid Substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons Hydrated Metal Ions as Acids Ka Values of Hydrated Metal Ions Solubility Equilibria Solubility Product Ksp Dissolution of Mg OH s Solubility Amount of solute that dissolves g L Molar Solubility Amount of dissolved solute expressed as mole L Solubility Product COnstant Ksp Molar Solubility Molar solubility is calculated by solving the equilibrium problem I C E Table Initial solid Change Equilibrium x x 2x 2x Another Molar Solubility Example Factors Affecting Solubility Common ion effect Add common ion from another source Sample Exercise Common Ion Effect Additional Factors Affecting Solubility pH For insoluble salts containing basic anions solubility increases as pH decreases Add acid H reacts with basic anion Ksp vs Qip ion product Will a Precipitate Form Sample Exercise Qip and Ksp Sample Exercise Separation of Ions Complex Ion Equilibria Formation Constant Kf Sample Exercise using Kf Competing Simultaneous Equilibria