Name____________________________ HS301 Exam 4 November 19, 2014 1. (10) Tell me a story using the words provided. diploid parent, colchicine, stimulative parthenocarpy, tetraploid parent, F1 hybrid triploid seed, sexually sterile, seed traces, seedless watermelon, pollinizer variety in production field, non-viable gametes (sex cells). F1 hybrid triploid seedless watermelon seed is produced by controlled hybridization of a tetraploid parent x a diploid parent. The tetraploid parent is created by treating a diploid plant with the chromosome doubling agent colchicine. The triploid, seedless watermelon plant is sexually sterile due to the production of non-viable gametes, and hence it produces only seed traces in the fruit. A pollinizer variety must be planted among the seedless variety to provide pollination, as the seedless fruit only develop after the stimulus of pollination, a process called stimulative parthenocarpy. 2. (11) Label the parts please. See your notes for this.3. (3) What nutritive tissue is lacking in the seed of a gymnosperm that is present in an angiosperm seed? ___ENDOSPERM_______ 4. (3) In angiosperms, what is the name of the cell in the pollen grain that divides to give rise to the two sperm nuclei? _____GENERATIVE__________________________ 5. (3) The eradication effort in NC to control the parasitic agricultural weed Striga involved the use of this plant hormone to trigger synchronous germination ___ETHYLENE_______________________ 6. (3) Avoid this hormone during cool, moist stratification of seeds. _____ETHYLENE____. 7. (3) We use this product to conveniently overcome seed dormancy in smoke sensitive species. ____LIQUID SMOKE_____________________________ 8. (3) Seed that are intolerant of desiccation and whose viability is maintained only if stored at high seed moisture content are called _RECALCITRANT____ seed. 9. (3) Seed that can be dried down to ambient moisture content and still maintain viability for an extended period of time are referred to as ___ORTHODOX__________________ seed. 10. (6) Please name 3 important guidelines to exercise when placing seeds into cool, moist stratification. USE MOIST BUT NOT EXCESSIVELY WET MEDIA TREAT AT AROUND 4C SOAK SEEDS BEFORE PLACING INTO STRATIFICATION 11. (3) This tissue in the ovule develops into the seed coats on the mature seed. ______INTEGUMENTS______________________ 12. (12) Match these terms with the best definition. Put letter behind the term. stenospermocarpy__F___ A. general term describing the development of a fruit without fertilization and seed development vivipary __E___ B. In this type of seedless fruit development, pollination is required to trigger fruit development stimulative parthenocarpy _B__ C. Bulbils forming in the inflorescence (flower) of an Allium species parthenogenesis _D____ D. Referring to the development of an unfertilized egg into an embryo parthenocarpy __A_____ E. Germination of the seed while still attached to the mother plant vegetative apomixis ___C__ F. 'Cotton Candy' seedless grape is possible because of this interesting biological process13. (3) The name of the organ within the ovary that develops into the entire, mature seed. ___________OVULE_____________________________ 14. (3) You hybridized this plant in lab for your controlled hybridization experiment _________PETUNIA_____________________ 15. (12) Below please provide the scientific name of the species we utilized for the seed dormancy experiments conducted in lab. A. With this woody legume species, one of my favorites, we studied the separate and combined effect of acid scarification and cool, moist stratification ______CERCIS_____________ B. This herbaceous legume with beautiful blue flowers was used to study the effect of acid scarification on overcoming seed dormancy _______BAPTISIA______________ C. This California annual plant was used to demonstrate the role of GA3 on overcoming seed dormancy _____NICOTIANA ATTENUATA_______________________________ D. This interesting herbaceous perennial species was used to study the effect of smoke on seed dormancy ___VERBENA BONARIENSIS_______________________ E. This herbaceous perennial species was used as an example of a plant whose seed germination is inhibited by light exposure ______CYCLAMEN OR CONSOLIDA_____ F. This tropical species is being used to examine the seed germination response of recently harvested, moist seed vs. recently harvested seed that has been allowed to dry. ______MUSA___________________ 16. (4) I have some recently harvested seed of Ilex vomitoria (yaupon holly) in a bag of moist perlite, sitting on my desk at room temperature. What might this suggest about the dormancy mechanism of this temperate-zone species? THIS SUGGESTS THAT THIS SPECIES DEMONSTRATES MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL DORMANCY, AND THE FIRST STEP OF WARM STRATIFICATION ALLOWS FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMATURE EMBRYO 17. (4) The first time I did a fern spore germination experiment as an undergraduate, I was excited to observe that my spores had germinated extremely well and had formed a very dense carpet of gametophytes over the entire surface of the media. Why should my enthusiasm have been tempered? BECAUSE HIGH DENSITY OF GAMETOPHYTES ENCOURAGES PRIMARILY MALE EXPRESSION. 18. (4) What is the "ploidy" level of endosperm tissue ___3X (TRIPLOID)_________. What nuclei fuse to form the endosperm? ___2 POLAR NUCLEI + 1 SPERM NUCLEUS______ 19. (7) Number these plant parts in hierarchical order, from largest to smallest. egg __7___ inflorescence___1__ ovary ____4____ pistil ____3____ovule ____5_____ embryo sac __6__ flower____2_____ 20. (3) What flower type would a monoecious cucumber plant NOT possess. Circle answer. A. pistillate (female) B. perfect C. staminate (male) 21. (3) The name of the light sensitive molecule in plants that regulates the seed response to light/darkness? ___PHYTOCHROME___________________ 22. (4) Name the oak species on the right _WHITE_________. The 2 acorns on the left?___RED________ 23. (4). What reproductive phenomenon is demonstrated by this image of citrus? Be specific here. What led you to this conclusion? DEMONSTRATES APOMIXIS, SPECIFICALLY NUCELLAR EMBRYONY. ONE CAN TELL BECAUSE MORE THAN 1 SEEDLING IS EMERGING FROM A