Cities of Southeast AsiaMajor CitiesKey Urban FactsKey ThemesSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Principal Urban FormsEvolution of CitiesSlide 10Slide 11Urban Expansion 1900-2005Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs)Components of UrbanizationProblemsRepresentative CitiesBangkokSlide 18Kuala LumpurSlide 20SingaporeSlide 22JakartaSlide 24ManilaSlide 26Socialist CitiesSlide 28FutureCities of Southeast AsiaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies Sarawakian women on the island of Borneo.Major CitiesKey Urban FactsTotal Population 590 millionPercent Urban Population 41.9% Total Urban Population 247 millionMost Urbanized Country Singapore (100%)Least Urbanized Country Cambodia (20.1%) # of Cities over 1 Million 18# of Megacities 2 Three Largest Cities Jakarta, Manila, BangkokWorld Cities SingaporeKey ThemesUrban landscape shaped by ethnicity, especially:Chinese, Indian, MalayImpact of colonialismSome of world’s largest cargo portsNotably SingaporeTransnational citiesTrade across national boundariesInfluence economy of neighboring countriesSingapore Harborwww.cnn.com/200 2/WORLD/a siapcf/ southea st/09/20/sing .ports/Key ThemesVast coastlines and river valleysAmphibious nature of lifeImportance of sea tradeFacilitated migrationThe Mekong at Can Tho, Vietnam.The floating market of Damnern Saduak near Bangkok, Thailand,Key ThemesAll of the major religionsare representedSINGAPORE : Sultan Mosque in Arab Street.http://www.islamicvoice.com/april.99/images/04mosque.jpgGolden stupas (shrines) of Swedagon pagoda, Yangon, MyanmarThe cultural arts of Bali’s Hindu peopleIndian temple in SingaporeKey ThemesRisk of Natural DisastersEarthquakes, volcanoes, & tsunamisMonsoons and cyclonesMt. Merapi in central Java, Feb. 19 2001Banda Aceh, Indonesia and impact of the tsunamiPrincipal Urban FormsSacred cityMarket CityAngkor Wat, 12th Century capital and sacred cityMalacca one of the oldest market citiesEvolution of CitiesImportance of long coastlines on tradeNatural cross-roadsIndia and China trade lead to market cities along Malay coast“strait cities” SE Asia relatively urbanized before Europeans arrivedPre-colonial states of SE AsiaPre-colonial patterns of urbanizationEvolution of CitiesPortuguese captured Malacca, 1511500 years of colonialism, esp.Jakarta under DutchManila under SpanishSingapore under BritishSaigon under FrenchThailand (Siam) the exceptionColonial UrbanizationColonial realms and independent countries, 1900Source: Hobbs, Fundamentals of World Regional Geography, Brooks/Cole 2010Evolution of CitiesRapid urbanization and transformationPrimate cities dominate the regionAdoption of Communist systems, esp.Vietnam, Cambodia•Urban genocide (“Killing Fields” of Cambodia)Globalization and growth of cybercitiesForeign investment plays critical roleEspecially foreign direct investmentLand reclamation in port areas (urban expansion)Contemporary Urban TrendsUrban Expansion 1900-2005Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs)Cities transforming rapidly into EMRsDistinctive Asian formHigh densities in the core and in the rural peripheryThree forms of EMRHigh density EMRs – e.g. Jakarta, Manila, BangkokLow density EMRs by developing satellite cities – e.g. Kuala LumpurExpanding city states – e.g. SingaporeThey result in a loss of agricultural landComponents of UrbanizationAreas formally classified as rural may be reclassified as urbanUrban areas may grow in population through natural increaseNet redistribution from rural to urbanInternational migrationOverseas migrants tend to move to citiesSingaporewww.priorities .org/ greatciti es.h tmProblemsInadequate urban:HousingEmploymentTransportationSewers and waterRural to urban migrationSquatter settlementsPovertyEvictionDemolitionManila Shanty Townhttp://www.a-o-buero.de/bilder/manila.jpgRepresentative CitiesBangkok, ThailandKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSingaporeJakarta, IndonesiaManila, PhilippinesSocialist CitiesBangkokOfficial name is Krung ThrepMeans “City of Angels”Multinucleated cityLike Jakarta and ManilaTextbook urban primacy34 times larger 2nd largest city in Thailand Strong foreign investmentU.S. military supply basesBangkokSource: http://www.ppc.chula.ac.th/picon/bangkok.jpgBangkokHaphazard urban growthMix of old and newSerious environmental problemsSex trade a social challengeCity slowly sinkingBangkok’s Red Light DistrictBangkok’s traditional Buddhist temple with modern skylineBangkok’s traffic jams worst in worldKuala LumpurCapital of MalaysiaRelatively youngFounded in 1857Economy was tin & rubberOvershadowed by strait cities until independenceKuala LumpurSource: http://www.unim.nottingham.ac.uk/business/images/kl_bbc3.jpgKuala LumpurTwin Towers and CyberspaceOther satellite cities arebeing built around the cityThe Parliament Building and National Mosque in Putrajaya, Malaysia’s brand new, controversial administrative capital.Petronas Towers, opened 1999SingaporeSuperb locationBoth a city and a sovereign state1/5 size of Rhode IslandWorld cityWorld’s largest port Rich ethnic heritage, esp. ChineseChinatown in SingaporeSingapore HarborSingaporeModel of efficiencyTransportationCleanliness and orderliness2nd only to Japan in per capita income in AsiaMajor problem 1– lack of potable waterMajor problem 2 – Lack of landSingapore’s Modern SkylineSingapore’s Orderly DevelopmentJakartaMegacity of IndonesiaCenter of “Jabotabek” megalopolisLargest in SE Asia inLand areaPopulationVital role in international and domestic tradeJakartaTraffic in JakartaSource: http://geography.uoregon.edu/cohen/jakarta.jpgSprawling city a mix of the old and the newMajor industrial center now moving to services (financial, communications)All urban woes of primate cityOld (mosque) and new (rapid transit)ManilaCapital of PhilippinesPrimate city Strong foreign direct investmentManilaSerious pollutionAirWaterSquatter settlements30% in povertyTraffic nightmareA “jeepney” in ManilaShantytown within sight of modern ManilaSocialist CitiesPhnom Penh, Cambodiahttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/photos/cambodia/Phnom%20Penh.jpgCambodia,Phnom PenhVietnamHanoiHo Chi Minh CityViet