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Wright URS 2000 - Chapter 4 Cities of South America

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Cities of South AmericaDemographicsTrends and IssuesSlide 4Cultural-Ecological RegionsAndean AmericaSlide 7Slide 8PowerPoint PresentationSlide 10Portuguese America (Brazil)Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Rio de JaneiroSlide 18Slide 19BrasiliaLimaSlide 22Buenos AiresCities of South AmericaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies Buenos AiresSource: http://www.viajesolin.com.mx/buenos%20aires.jpgDemographicsTotal Population 382 MillionPercent Urban Population 84% Total Urban Population 329 MillionMost Urbanized Country Venezuela (93.4%)Least Urbanized Country Paraguay (61.5%) # of Cities over 1 Million 38Number of Megacities 3Three Largest Cities Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires,Rio de Janeiro World Cities Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de JaneiroTrends and IssuesThe region transformed from rural to urban society only in the later half of the 20th centuryThe region is poised on the global peripheryGeographically remote from the major centers of tradeStruggling to achieve economic developmentBrazil’s economy now growing Classed as “A Newly Industrializing Economy” (NIE)Sao Paulo, Brazil’s industrial giant!Trends and IssuesNational capitals were typically primate cities, but now several exceptions are emerging:Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia & VenezuelaRapid growth of cities results in:Huge squatter settlementsEnvironmental degradationExtreme disparities in wealth Challenge of high crime ratesSocial movements aim to improve:HousingHealth careUrban amenitieshttp://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/400000/images/_403181_poor150.jpgCultural-Ecological RegionsAndean AmericaColombiaVenezuelaEcuadorPeruBoliviaSouthern ConeArgentinaChileUruguayParaguayPortuguese AmericaBrazilAndean AmericaPre-Columbian urban civilizationInca Empire: Cusco, Machu PicchuCity builders pre-occupied with water, fertility & the supernaturalAdministrative & ceremonial centersMachu Picchu, Royal EstateInca wall, built without mortarAndean AmericaSpanish Conquest & ColonizationFrancisco Pizarro•Defeated Atahualpa and Incas in 1533Spanish cities on or near Pre-Colombian citiesLaw of the IndiesViceroyalty of PeruLima its capital Plaza and San Antonio Cathedral, Quito, Ecuador.Peruvian plaza (Spanish & indigenous architecture) Source:http://www.latinamericanescapes.com/images/peru-profile2a.Andean AmericaToday greater indigenous & mestizo presenceCities divided by ethnicityCaracas, Venezuelahttp://www.abc.net.au/international/features/racki_peru/man%20&%20bike%202.jpgStreet scene in La Paz, BoliviaSouthern ConeNo Pre-Columbian citiesSmall indigenous populationLittle interest to SpanishHeavily European in ethnic compositionExcept Paraguay•Strong indigenous presenceGauchos on the Pampa of ArgentinaSouthern ConeEconomic stagnation and restive middle classBuenos Aires, Argentina Financial DistrictSantiago, ChilePortuguese America (Brazil)Portuguese Conquest & ColonizationLack of wealthPortuguese heritage and languageCoastal cities Impact of the Treaty of TordesillasPlantation System•African Slave TradePortuguese America (Brazil)Modern BrazilIncome disparityBrasilia as a growth pole Today, Brazil’s economic expansion is strongBrazil’s major urban concentrations at nightFavelas facing luxury apartments, Rio de JaneiroSão PauloRio de JaneiroSalvadorRecifeFortalezaBrasíliaGoiâniaUberlândiaBelo HorizonteFlorianópolisMetro Areas in South AmericaModel Of TheSouth America CitySustainable Urban DevelopmentBogota, Colombia, exclusive bicycle laneCuritiba, Brazil, transit systemRepresentative Cities•Rio de Janeiro•Brasilia•Lima•Buenos AiresRio de JaneiroMegacityBrazil’s major portFormer capital of Brazil Until 1960Great natural harborBaia da GuanabaraRio de JaneiroSugarloaf Mountain Playground and tropical paradise (72 beaches) Laid back “cariocas”Christ the Redeemer overlooking Guanabara Bayhttp://www.kasbah.com/images/guidesIpanema Beach and “Two Brothers”Rio de JaneiroEnvironmental problemsTorrential summer stormsUnstable structures collapseEconomic (and racial)disparitiesWealthy fashionable districts opposite “favelas” FavelaBrasiliaCapital in 1960Built on the Pilot PlanPlaza of three powersPop. 4-5 millionSatellite centersGrowth Pole DevelopmentLimaBuilt on indigenous settlement at foothills of AndesInitially center of Viceroyalty of PeruBuilt before “Law of Indies,” but contains:Grid pattern, central plaza etc.LimaCapital of Peru7-8 million population 40 percent of Peru’s urban population lives in Lima (25% of total population)Shanty towns in desert regionsLima, Peru central citySource: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LimaBuenos AiresCapital of ArgentinaOne of world’s great megacitiesMajor port and primate cityHistoric rise as agric/industrial center, late 19th centuryGolden Age (1880 – 1940)“Paris of South America”Outpost of European urban design and popular fashionSophisticated city with broad boulevards and graceful public squares Buenos AiresSource:


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