POLS 110 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Federal Court SystemII. Selecting Judges for the Federal BenchIII. The U.S. Supreme Court TodayIV. Judges as Policy MakersV. Checks on the Courts Outline of Current Lecture I. Government corporationsII. A brief history of the bureaucracy III. ReformIV. Fiscal policy and the federal budgetV. Types of fiscal policy Current LectureI. Government corporationsa. Theoretically, government corporations are supposed to be self-financingi. Income generated by services provided should cover costs of operation II. A brief history of the bureaucracya. During first 100 years of our history, the federal bureaucracy was quite smallb. Largely a result of limited federal powersc. Appointments were given as rewards to people who helped out in the president’s campaignd. SPOILS System: (Andrew Jackson) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. The Assessment: the percentage of your government salary that goes back to the certain political party, in recognition of their thanks for their jobii. Essentially public financing e. As federal power increased, system became strainedf. Because so small, people working for government, the president could essentiallyhand pick people that would agree/work WITH themg. Post Civil War – massive expansion of federal government, so this strains president’s picks of government positionsi. Pre Civil War: 4,000 government workersii. After war: 100,000 government workersh. Grant after Civil War: 1880 he leaves, Garfield takes overi. Corrupt – cabinet stole a lot ii. Charles Duteau: (French person), wants to be in Paris as ambassador1. He shoots Garfield to “prove” he wasn’t crazya. Garfield dies from bullet wound infections III. Reforma. Pressure for reform builds after Grant administration scandalsb. With the assassination of Garfield in 1881, much stronger push for change from new president Arthur i. Epitome of SPOILS system 1. Has epiphany to reform federal bureaucracy2. Basically because he does not want to get shotc. The Pendleton Act: 1883; created the merit system and the civil service exam- less political and more efficient bureaucracyi. The idea of the “career bureaucrat” did not exist until now, because it was a “reward” for the length of time a president was in term, or wanted you there1. Now with the Pendleton Act, you actually could make a career out of being a bureaucratIV. Fiscal policy and the federal budgeta. Fiscal policy: federal government involvement in economy; even in Depression of 1893b. Until 1930, the government believed in a firm hands-off approach (laissez-faire)c. The Great Depression pushed the federal government to get more involved in theeconomyi. Even Democrats and Republicans agreed somehow government needed to step in d. Since, it’s not WHETHER the government should be involved, it’s HOWV. Types of fiscal policya. Demand-side economics-Keynes (Democrats)i. Encourage growth by increasing government spending or cutting individual taxes to encourage consumer spending b. Supply-side economics-Friedman (Republicans)i. Encourage growth by encouraging production through tax cuts to encourage investors and businesses to spend and
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