History 1100 NotesThursday August 30Western Planting and bound Labor in the Colonial Chesapeake, 1607-1700By 1607 was established in new Spain- I. Richard Hakluyt, the Younger (1552-1616)o Academic, gave public lectures in geography- II. Discourse on Western Planting by Hakluyt o His document spurred English colonizing and supported ito Suggested that North America would be the key for tradeo English colonization would provide countless jobs in England and new worldo New jobs would provide raw materials for workers in Englando While Spain wanted gold and wealth that were already thereo Provide more places to live because it was overcrowded in England o Colonization would cut down on crime because there would be fewer jobless people to commit crimeo It would be possible to send criminals to new world to work instead of overcrowding in Englando It would provide a fresh starto Great opportunities for farming , family farms, and communitieso English considered the powerful Spanish to be their ultimate enemy- III. Native Americans and Hakluyt’s Designo Tribes in north American were different from Mexican tribes like the Aztecs because they weren’t very organized or technically advancedo Hakluyt wanted to use the Natives Americans against Spain by promoting the anglostan churcho He would plant himself among the nativeso Protestantism was deeply inbeded in the Englisho By converting the Indians to protestants, the English felt that their religion wouldbe as good as the Spanish Catholics- IV. The “Right of First Discovery”o The rational was complicatedo The support was that Indians were brutes not racial creatures and worthy of respect of Europeanso It said that they did not have governments (police, jails, etc.) but just moved around and weren’t using the lando Therefore, the land was vacant under this “Right of First Discovery” principal- V. The Chesapeake Colonies (Virginia & Maryland): Bound White Laboro First successful colony was established at Jamestowno The colony at Virginia grew out of the colony in Jamestown o The introduction of Tobacco at Jamestown as a cash crop allowed them to thriveo Tobacco was the first major industryo There was a clash of interest because the English were using land for tobacco and the natives used in for hunting in the bottom lando Tobacco cultivation required a lot of hard manual labor and is work intensiveo The London company officials who governed this place institution the Head Rights plan that the Englishman would transport workers from England at the workers in order for then to get granted the lando Indentured Servants and Apprenticeso Atleast 3/4ths of Englishman came as indentured servents or apprenticeso They were all young and youthful- 13yrs to 21yrso They thought that young people could work harder than older peopleo Apprentices-farming, organizing trade, o The servants were treated poorly and like slaveso Roughly 2 out of 5 died in indenture (the 7 year period)o Men outnumbered women 3 to 1 because men were needed for work and women couldn’t worko By 1670, only a small number of freed servants were able to own land after they worked off their termso The lucky few by 1670 who worked through their 7 year term would get problematic land- VI. African Bondageo The first 70 to 80 years of the 17th century, very few enslaved African Americanso Slaves were very expensiveo Black slavery was Perpetual and Hereditaryo The English saw them the same as Indianso Long standing English common law made it illegal to enslave a Christian, but Virginia law makers abandoned that law and African Americans who converted to Christiantiy could now be slaves - Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion 1676-1677o It was a contest between the settlementso It through a terror into the planterso The planters across the region came to an agreement that the labor system was not workingo They wanted a more controllable sense of labor-to buy slavesTuesday September 4, 2012Colonial New England: Godly Commonwealths, 1620-1700- I. The Protestant Reformationo Martin Luther (b. 1483 – d. 1546) and John Calvin (b. 1509 – d. 1564)-  Inspired a broad base rejection of the church- II. The Church of Englando Henry VIII (r. 1509 – 1547) lead the reformation in England and established himself as divinely heado Henry’s new church was conservativeo The Anglican church maintained priesthood The ceremonies were similar to the catholic churcho Puritans wanted the churches to purifyo Seperatists were English protestants that had no faith that the church could purifyo Elizabeth 1 (1558 – 1603)and James 1 (1603 )succeeded Henryo Charles I and the execution of him- III. Plymouth Colony (f. 1620)o The strangers in the group didn’t think they were under control anymoreo Mayflower Contract, 1620 Influences: Classical Republicanism Emerging ideas about a “social compact” Law of nature rationalism Protestant religious beliefs (covenantal theology) English customs regarding the rule of law, common law, and liberties They were going to be a self governed colony Had the best interest for the people The puritans had a covenant, an agreement with god, within themselves- IV. Massachusetts Bay Colony (f. 1629)o A charter that authorized settlement in North America- a commercial ventureo A means to provide refuge for persecuted puritans o John Winthrop- He and his supporters said that Massachusetts would become a city on a hill and a great example of Protestantism o Established the port of Boston that eventually became the capitalo Puritans organized themselves as members of the congregational church Each group of congregation governed themselves; no pope; self governing They had full membership including children and servants To be a full member, you had to be a visible saint- a person who had visibly demonstrated that they have received the gift of gods graceo Massachusetts bay survived from the beginning unlike Virginiao There were far fewer slaves introduced in New England compared to Virginiao Well educated leadership and in 15 years a well civilized government grew out ofit- began to pass and enforce laws as early as 1645o In the early decades, you had to be a visible state to qualify to be a representativein the government- V. Dissent and Dispersalo Puritanism created a ideological mix- produced anxiety and lead to intoleranceo Those who challenged puritan orthodoxy became known as dissenter Roger Williams and Anne