Self-Esteem: judgment we make about our own self worthHigh self esteem: a realistic evaluation of who you are and accepting that… SELF RESPECT.Self Esteem in Middle Childhood:Drops first few years in school, then risesReally excited about school, then self esteem drop, then rises againBullying can be huge cause of self esteem dropClasses get harder and you begin getting graded, can either boost or drop your self esteemSelf Esteem in Adolescence:Generally risesFrequent shiftsIndividual differencesVery dependent on peersSocial Development:Self and social understandingWho am i?What do I believe about myself?Self Concept:Belief about ones own characteristics; influenced by other people, cultureParenting styles:Authoritative- high warmth, high controlAuthoritarian- low warmth, high controlPermissive- high warmth, love controlRejecting/neglecting/uninvolved- low warmth, low controlScheme (Piaget) or cognitive structure of beliefs about who we are. Not permanent, unified, or unchanging.Lots of different areas of self concept: Academic, Physical, SocialAcademic - Students have general beliefs about their academic ability and performance. May describe themselves as being smart and performing academic tasks successfully, or instead as being stupid and doing poorly in school. Can have different self-concepts about different aspects in this area. For instance, you might define yourself as a poor reader but good in mathematics.Physical - students have general beliefs about their ability to engage in physical activities such as sports and outdoor games, and their physical appearance.Social - students have general beliefs about their ability to relate with other people.Self-Concept in Adolescence:More emphasis on social virtues, being viewed positively by others.What their peers say about them or think about themIdentity: a well organized conception of the self made up of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly commitmentSense of wellbeing, knowing who you are and what you can achieveWith this comes commitment and sacrifice (Erikson)Erikson: Identity crisis will occur in adolescence, with the outcome of a DEFINED IDENTITY or the result will be ROLE CONFUSION which can result in a NEGATIVE IDENTITY.Early Childhood…INITIATIVE: first stage which can lead to..Eagemess to try new task, join new activitiesPlay permits trying out new skillsAct out highly visible occupations**Encourage Initiative**Encourage children to make & act on choicesMake sure each child experiences successEncourage make-believeBe tolerant of accidents and mistakesGUILT: second stage which followsOverly strict superego, or conscience, causing too much guiltRelated to excessive threats, criticism, punishment from adultsToo much criticism can cause guiltIndustry:Developing a sense of competence at useful skillsSchool provides many opportunities**Encourage Industry**Make sure students have opportunities to set and work toward realistic goalsGive students a change to show their independence & responsibilityProvide support for students who seem discouragedInferiority:Pessimism and lack of confidence in own ability to do things wellFamily environment, teachers, peers, can contribute to negative feelingsIdentity:Defining who you are, what you value and direction in life.Commitments to vocation, personal relationships, sexual orientation, ethnic group, ideals.Resolution of “identity crisis” or explorationIdentity/Role Confusion:Identity/Role ConfusionLack of direction and definition of self.Restricted exploration in adolescenceEarlier psychosocial conflicts not resolvedSociety restricts choicesUnprepared for stages of adulthoodMarcia: Identity Statuses:Identity Diffusion - no crisis, no commitmentlow self-esteem, dependent, withdrawn from parentsMoratorium - crisis, no commitmenthigh self-esteem, self-directed, distancing from parentsForeclosure - no crisis, commitmentlow self-esteem, very dependent, loving with parentsIdentity Achievement - crisis and commitmenthigh self -esteem, self-directed, caring with parents Diffusion - have not given much serious thought to an occupation, sex roles, or values. Have not explored meaningful alternatives. Have little self-direction, are disorganizes and impulsive. Have not reached any conclusions about who they are or what they want to do with their lives.Moratorium - actively searching out various alternatives but have not made any permanent commitments. Seem confused, unstable, and discontented. Are often rebellious and uncooperative and tend to be anxious.Foreclosure - have made commitments to occupations and ideologies that are not the results of their own searching but ready made and handed down to them, frequently from parents. Become what others intend them to become.Achievement - have made self-chosen commitments in at least some aspects of their identity. Have resolved identity crisis by evaluating various alternatives and choices, and have come to conclusions and decisions on their own. Can only occur after one goes first through identity diffusion and then through moratoroium.Factors that affect Identity Development:PersonalityFamilyPeersSchools/Community (Esp. Junior Years)Culture/Time PeriodPEERS: Popular, Neglected, Rejected, ControversialTwo types of rejected children: Aggressive and WithdrawnPeer groups can be: emotional support, information about what their ideas of acceptable behaviors and values are, develops social skills. (negative or positive)Consequences for being unpopular: loneless, soically dissatisfied, drop out, criminal behavior, social standing remains stableSocial/Emotional Development 09/17/2014Self-Esteem: judgment we make about our own self worth-High self esteem: a realistic evaluation of who you are and accepting that… SELF RESPECT.Self Esteem in Middle Childhood:-Drops first few years in school, then rises-Really excited about school, then self esteem drop, then rises again-Bullying can be huge cause of self esteem drop-Classes get harder and you begin getting graded, can either boost or drop your self esteemSelf Esteem in Adolescence:-Generally risesoFrequent shifts-Individual differences-Very dependent on peersSocial/Emotional Development 09/17/2014Social Development:-Self and social understanding-Who am i?-What do I believe about myself?Self Concept:-Belief about ones own characteristics; influenced by other people, culture-Parenting styles:oAuthoritative- high warmth, high controloAuthoritarian- low warmth,