Active and Motivated learnersChildren learn and adapt about the worldAssimilation: dealing with an object/event in way that’s consistent with existing schemeAccommodation: changing existing schemes and forming new onesFOUR STAGES:Sensorimotor: birth-twoImitation, memory and thoughtUnderstands objects exist but not necessarily perceiving themBeginning of logical and goal directed actionsMental representationImagesImitationMake believePreoperational: two-sevenSymbols to represent actions/objectsSociodramatic playActions carried out with logical thinkingEgocentricCan answer “What if..”Thinks the whole world sees the world the same way they doNon living things have living qualitiesTrouble: dual representation (teaching and a mom, mom and sister, etc), conservation (amount is the same despite the shape), centration (focus on more than one aspect), hierarchical classificationConcrete Operational stage: (7-11)Logical thoughtReversibilityClassificationSeriationMental RotationCannot reason about abstract thingsFormal Operational stage: (11-15)Ability to deal with abstract, hypothetical ideasHypothetical deductive reasoningIdealismArgue a lot moreSelf Consciousness and Self FocusingImaginary audience (think everyone is watching/ paying attention to you)Sensitive to criticism, but need criticism constructivelyPersonal fableIdealism and CriticismEmphasizes the development of how we remember and store informationNot a stage theory but just a gradual and steady processHow we use mental strategies to operate and transform infoEarly Childhood:Easily distractedDifficulty focusingReteaching because they struggle to rememberNot effective at memory strategiesShort time involved on tasksDevelopment of Memory StrategiesRehearsal: early grade schoolOrganization: soon after rehearsalKnowledge bas helps organizationElaboration: end of middle childhoodMeaningful chunks of informationSchooling promotes using these memory strategiesAdolescents:Attention is more thoroughStrategies more effectiveImproved storage and retrievalMetacognitive knowledge increased (being aware of your thought process)Assumptions:Development is dependent on people in kids worldChildren’s idea, knowledge, attitudes, and values develop through interactions with others.Psychological tools (signs and symbols, gestures, language, mathematical sign systems, etc.) come from the surrounding culture.Private speech guides childrens thinking and actionsScaffolding: support for learning and problem solvingZone of Proxmal Development: phase at which child can master task with appropriate help and supportLanguage acquisition:Birth-2 understand world through senses2-after oral language begins and mental symbols used to understand the world (first words between 10-15 months)Vocab acquisition proceeds in burstsBy age 2, average child knows 900 wordsCognitive Development: Piaget 09/15/2014Active and Motivated learnersChildren learn and adapt about the worldAssimilation: dealing with an object/event in way that’s consistent with existing schemeAccommodation: changing existing schemes and forming new onesFOUR STAGES:Sensorimotor: birth-two-Imitation, memory and thought-Understands objects exist but not necessarily perceiving them-Beginning of logical and goal directed actions-Mental representationoImagesoImitationoMake believePreoperational: two-seven-Symbols to represent actions/objects-Sociodramatic play-Actions carried out with logical thinking-Egocentric-Can answer “What if..”-Thinks the whole world sees the world the same way they do-Non living things have living qualities-Trouble: dual representation (teaching and a mom, mom and sister, etc), conservation (amount is the same despite the shape), centration (focus on more than one aspect), hierarchical classificationConcrete Operational stage: (7-11)-Logical thought-Reversibility-Classification-Seriation-Mental Rotation-Cannot reason about abstract thingsFormal Operational stage: (11-15)-Ability to deal with abstract, hypothetical ideas-Hypothetical deductive reasoning-Idealism-Argue a lot more-Self Consciousness and Self FocusingoImaginary audience (think everyone is watching/ paying attention to you)oSensitive to criticism, but need criticism constructively oPersonal fable-Idealism and CriticismCognitive Development: Info Processing 09/15/2014Emphasizes the development of how we remember and store informationNot a stage theory but just a gradual and steady processHow we use mental strategies to operate and transform infoEarly Childhood:-Easily distracted-Difficulty focusing -Reteaching because they struggle to remember-Not effective at memory strategies-Short time involved on tasksDevelopment of Memory Strategies-Rehearsal: early grade school-Organization: soon after rehearsaloKnowledge bas helps organization-Elaboration: end of middle childhoodoMeaningful chunks of informationSchooling promotes using these memory strategiesAdolescents:-Attention is more thorough -Strategies more effective-Improved storage and retrieval-Metacognitive knowledge increased (being aware of your thought process)Cognitive Development: Vygotsky 09/15/2014Assumptions:-Development is dependent on people in kids world-Children’s idea, knowledge, attitudes, and values develop through interactions with others.-Psychological tools (signs and symbols, gestures, language, mathematical sign systems, etc.) come from the surrounding culture.-Private speech guides childrens thinking and actions-Scaffolding: support for learning and problem solving-Zone of Proxmal Development: phase at which child can master task with appropriate help and supportCognitive Development: Language Development 09/15/2014Language acquisition:-Birth-2 understand world through senses-2-after oral language begins and mental symbols used to understand the world (first words between 10-15 months)-Vocab acquisition proceeds in bursts-By age 2, average child knows 900