Slide 1Social influenceConformityConformityConformityConformityObedienceSlide 8Slide 9Why do we obey?ObedienceBystander EffectNew York TragedyBystander effectSlide 15Social LoafingSlide 17Social LoafingWhy/When Does This Happen?Reducing social loafingHow Might We Avoid Social Loafing?Social Behavior:The Influence of the GroupSocial influenceConformityConformityAsch conformity studiesGroup sizeUnanimityConformity•Why do we conform?•What factors influence conformity?ConformityObedienceWhy do we obey?•Obeying can fulfill•Obeying is not all badObedienceThe power of the situationZimbardo Stanford Prison SimulationBYSTANDER EFFECTNew York TragedyMarch 27th 1964 : New York Times“Kitty” Genovese: early 1960 young lady late 20s attacked coming home from work. A lot of ppl heard screams for help but no one called the cops or helped for about 30mins. Lead to the bystander effectBystander effect“as number of bystanders goes up [i.e. group gets larger], the probability of any individual bystander intervening goes down” (Darley & Latane, 1969)Other factors that influence helping behavior: diffusion of responsibility When people are alone they react about 75% of the timeIn the presence of others decreases to about 53% How dangerous is the situation/ safety risk for yourselfAmbiguity of the situation: how clear is the present situation do they really need it?Do you have the ability to help? Ex: are you strong enough to pull them up out of the tracks?Who that person is to you? Brother? mother? sister? Stranger?SOCIAL LOAFINGSocial LoafingThe tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task in which individual contributions cannot be monitoredRingelmann effect: same as social loafing and the first experimental example of this construct Clip: Does pulling behavior go down when you have more people? Yes adding ppl results in less effort per personWhy/When Does This Happen?1.Diffusion of responsibility 2.Less worried about being evaluated 3.When you perceive that your efforts don’t matter4.When you don’t care about the group or the taskReducing social loafingIncrease ability to identify specific individuals: performance evaluationsIncreasing group members perceived importanceIncrease involvement (rotate roles)Set individual goalsSmaller groupsCollectivistic societiesHow Might We Avoid Social