Types of FruitsBerriesBerry- simple fruit and seeds created from a single ovaryPepo- berries skin is hardened (cucurbits)Hesperidium- berries with a rind (citrus)PomeSome or all of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue (ex: apples and pears)DrupeOuter flesh part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside (ex: olive, peach, apricot, cherry, coffee)Aggregate FruitsCan be aggregates ofDrupes (raspberry) orAchene (strawberry)Multiple fruitsFigPineappleOsage orangePlant Reproduction and DevelopmentTypes of plant reproduction:Asexual- entire plants or plant parts form the next generationSexual- specialized cells, gametes, unite through fertilization to produce the next generationAsexual propagationThe reproduction of new plants from the stems, leaves, or roots of a parent plant.No seeds are used, just portions of the parent plant which are placed in soil.Sexual reproductionTwo steps:Pollination- transferring pollen from anthers to stigmaFertilization- fusion of sperm with egg and polar nucleiPOLLEN:The shape and form of pollen is related to its method of pollinationInsect-pollinated species have sticky of barbed polen grainsWind-pollinated species are lightweight, small and smoothGetting Pollinator’s attention:Plants advertise their pollen and nectarAnimal pollinators: beesMost important insectLive on the nectar and feed larvaeAlso eat the pollenGuided by sight and smallSee yellow and black colors, also ultraviolet light (not red)BirdsBirds have a good sense of color, they like yellow or red flowers…Birds do not have good sense of smell, so bird pollinated flowers usually have little odorFlowers provide fluid nectar in greater quantities than insectsHummingbird-pollinated flowers usually have long..Mammals: bats and miceBats pollinate at night, so flowers are whiteMouse-pollinated flowers are usually inconspicuous, they open at nightFlower typesPerfect: both stamens & pistols (carpels)Imperfect: missing either stamens or pistolsMonoecious: male and female flowers on same plantDioecious: male or female flower plant per plantHORT2000 09/17/2014Types of FruitsBerries-Berry- simple fruit and seeds created from a single ovaryoPepo- berries skin is hardened (cucurbits)oHesperidium- berries with a rind (citrus)Pome-Some or all of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from someadjacent tissue (ex: apples and pears)Drupe-Outer flesh part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surroundsa shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside (ex: olive, peach, apricot, cherry, coffee)Aggregate Fruits-Can be aggregates of oDrupes (raspberry) oroAchene (strawberry)Multiple fruits-Fig-Pineapple-Osage orangePlant Reproduction and DevelopmentTypes of plant reproduction:-Asexual- entire plants or plant parts form the next generation-Sexual- specialized cells, gametes, unite through fertilization to produce the next generationAsexual propagation-The reproduction of new plants from the stems, leaves, or roots of a parent plant.-No seeds are used, just portions of the parent plant which are placed in soil.Sexual reproduction-Two steps:oPollination- transferring pollen from anthers to stigmaoFertilization- fusion of sperm with egg and polar nucleiPOLLEN:-The shape and form of pollen is related to its method of pollination-Insect-pollinated species have sticky of barbed polen grains-Wind-pollinated species are lightweight, small and smooth-Getting Pollinator’s attention:oPlants advertise their pollen and nectar-Animal pollinators: beesoMost important insectoLive on the nectar and feed larvaeoAlso eat the pollenoGuided by sight and smalloSee yellow and black colors, also ultraviolet light (not red)-BirdsoBirds have a good sense of color, they like yellow or red flowers…oBirds do not have good sense of smell, so bird pollinated flowers usually have little odoroFlowers provide fluid nectar in greater quantities than insectsoHummingbird-pollinated flowers usually have long..-Mammals: bats and miceoBats pollinate at night, so flowers are whiteoMouse-pollinated flowers are usually inconspicuous, they openat nightFlower types-Perfect: both stamens & pistols (carpels)-Imperfect: missing either stamens or pistolsoMonoecious: male and female flowers on same plantoDioecious: male or female flower plant per