SOCY 1004 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideI. The organization of devianceA. Intro:-Focus on the lives and experiences of “deviants”-Relationships between them-How groups and acts are organized.-1) number of members -2) task specialization-3) stratification within group-4) type of authority structure-The more cohesive the group:-Better able to avoid outside sanctions -More committed to their deviant identity -The organization tends to reflect the needs to reflect the needs of the members-The more organization tends to reflect the needs of the members-The more formal/organized the group:-More complex (The group and the act)-Skills, roles, stratification-New norms, guidelines-More protection, increased access to resources-Range of ways “deviants” socially organize:-Loners-Solitary deviance-No relationships with like others -Colleagues-Solitary deviance-Relationships with like others, but don’t require cooperation-Peers-Engage in deviance with others (cooperation)-Crews-Engage in deviance with others (cooperation)-More sophisticated division of labors/stratification-Formal organizations-Large group-Highly organized, stratified-White-collar crime-Occupational (individuals acting on own behalf)-Organizational (committed with support of the organization)II. Drug Use and eating disorders within college womenA. Loner deviance-Mostly solitary, some interaction, but deviance kept secret-Don’t form groups based on the deviant act**-Lack of camaraderie of like others**-Commit act alone-Movement from conforming to non-conforming alone B. Contextualizing the research-Looks at licit pharmaceutical drugs or illicit street drugs in an ongoing effect to manage body weight -instrumental: motivation to use predicated on specific effects-instrumental drug use: sample and study-college women, large public university-pathway adaption to norm conformity (body) C. 2 dimensions of drug use and disordered eating-1) Temporal primacy-Eating disorder-Drug use-2) Legality-Licit (pharmaceutical)-Illicit (“street”) D. 4 Types:-1) Conventional over conformists-Disordered eating first-Licit drug use second-2) Scroungers-Disordered eating first-Illicit drug use second-3) Journeyers-Licit drug use first-Disordered eating second-4) Opportunists-Illicit drug use first-Disordered eating second E. 3 problems of loner instrumental drug use-1) Social Isolation-Motivation to “fit in” results in being “left out”-2) Health consequences-Self-consequences of risk-Physical; psychological-3) Financing drug use-Different markets (licit vs. illicit)-Restricted access to resources-Hiding spending-SacrificesIII. Cyber Communities of self-injury (online communities)- Adler and AdlerA. Community of loners?-Loners in the “real world”-Colleagues online-Hybrid associational form (loners and colleagues)-Commit act alone-Do not engage in face-to-face interaction-Colleagues: relationships, but not reliance-Online communities offer-Support-Acceptance-Camaraderie-Information-Shred identity B. Characteristics-Cut, burn, brand, or otherwise injure-Deliberate, but not suicidal-Achieve relief-Past: Relatively small and unknown population-Now: Burgeoning, but largely secretive (acceptance and support)-Sample characteristics: -Mostly occurred in Middle/high School-3/4 women, all white-Depression, alienation, rebellion-A form of comfort during stressful C. Formulating ideology-Solitary: constructing meaning and rationalization to legitimate their deviance-Difficulty in giving social meaning and legitimacy to acts-Community can help this process D. Social Isolation-Behavior viewed as private, not to be shared-A need for focus and concentration of being alone while injuring themselves-Given opportunity to interact or meet other self-injurers, many withdrew from or avoided interactions E. Practical problems-Without a table subculture, self-injurers found themselves on their own in coping with practical problems presented by their deviance-Difficulty explaining away scars-Increased recognition=increased confrontation-Led to cutting in places that weren’t as visible such as the stomach, thighs, etc.-Lack of supportF. Normative Socialization-Self-injurers socialized by society not by fellow deviants-Choose deviance because they face situations where respectable courses of action are not attractive or satisfactory-Resulted in condemnation of their behavior and feelings of shameG. Strain-Strain behavior normative expectations and deviant behavior-Lack of support made it difficult to reaffirm meaning of their deviance-Lack of support made deviance unstable (difficultly sustaining deviance over long periods of time)-Ceasing their deviance left strong feelings of abuseIV: Gender and victimization-Risk among young women in gangs (peers)- MillerA. Contextualizing the research -Gangs as peers-Engage with like others-Reliant on each other (cooperative)-Minimal diversion of labor-Leader vs. followers-Illegal goods and/or services-Urban street gangs-Evolving (sophistication, new members)-Status and protection-Access to resources-Danger-Women in gangsB.3 features of gender, gangs, and violence-1) Gangs as protection and risk-2) Gender and status-3) Devaluation and victimization1) Gangs as protection and risk-Why do girls/women join groups?-Protection-From “outsiders”-Predatory means-Risk-Dangers, violent arenas-“Be down” for anything-Increased risk from “insiders” 2) Gender and status -Stratification between men and women-First:-Gangs are male-dominated-Masculine characteristics-higher status-Women: fighting, “tough,” “do dirt”-Women: too masculine? Punishment-Second-Men=leadership positions-Women=lower status positions-Women=elevating status positions:-Masculine qualities-Connection to high status men 3) Devaluation and victimization from within-Stratification-Between (men and women)-Within (women)-The lower the status, the more victimization from within-Knowing “their place”-Sexual dynamics-Entering the gang-Sexed in-Beaten in-Ongoing vulnerabilityV: The Social Organizations of devianceA. Intro:-Deviant associations:-Formal organizations-Larger group-Highly organized, stratified-White-collar crime-Occupational (individuals acting on own behalf)-OrganizationalB. Formal organizations-Larger than peers and crews-Extending over time and space-(Cosa Nostra Mafia “families”, Columbian drug cartels)-May involve