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UT Arlington PSYC 3301 - Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 13

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11/18/20141CHAPTER 13Prejudice and DiscriminationPrejudice and discrimination• Stereotyping as the basis of prejudiced attitudes• Cognitive component: presumption of out-group homogeneity, distortion of social perception (biased assimilation), and self-fulfilling prophecies• Affective component: anxiety and emotional arousal• Behavioral component: latent and manifest discrimination11/18/20142Prejudice and discrimination• Stereotyping as the basis of prejudiced attitudes• Cognitive component: presumption of out-group homogeneity, distortion of social perception (biased assimilation), and self-fulfilling prophecies• Affective component: anxiety and emotional arousal• Behavioral component: latent and manifest discrimination11/18/20143Prejudice and discrimination• Descriptive versus prescriptive stereotypes• Resistance of stereotypes: encouraging an “accuracy set,” discouraging a reliance on stereotypic cues, paying people to be accurate all fail to counter stereotyping• Compensatory stereotypes: the misbehaving ministerPrejudice and discrimination• Discrimination: prejudice in action• Forms of discrimination: avoidance, exclusion, denial of opportunities and benefits, exploitation, assault, abuse, hate crimes, murder• Job discrimination: in hiring, training, job assignment, pay and promotion, denial of assistance and benefits, tokenism11/18/20144Explanations of prejudice• Intergroup conflict: competition and realistic conflict theory• “Us” versus “them”: social categorization• The ingroup/outgroup distinction• Ingroup heterogeneity, outgroup homogeneity, presumed superiority of ingroup, social competitionExplanations of prejudice• The role of social learning: Are bigots made, rather than born?• Direct socialization: family, peers, teachers• Indirect socialization: mass media • Innate prejudice? Are bigots born, rather than made?: the possible role of evolved xenophobia• Summing up: all explanations may play a role11/18/2014511/18/20146Explanations of prejudice• The role of social learning: Are bigots made, rather than born?• Direct socialization: family, peers, teachers• Indirect socialization: mass media • Innate prejudice? Are bigots born, rather than made?: the possible role of evolved xenophobia• Summing up: all explanations may play a rolePrejudice and discrimination in the workplace• Negative effects: loss of human potential, damage to individual lives and careers, friction and conflict in the workplace, low morale, hostile work environment • Discrimination based on gender• Negative stereotyping and discrimination based on gender (sexism)• Gender role stereotypes: individual differences are underestimated• Countering gender role stereotypes: individuating information about competence puts people in a “special subgroup”• Devaluing female achievement: luck, skill, or effort?11/18/20147Prejudice and discrimination in the workplace• Sexism in work settings: some positive news• Modern racism: some bad news• Old fashioned racism: blatant prejudice and discrimination• Modern racism: subtle and even unconscious (Word, Zanna, & Cooper study)• Study 1: White interviewers treated the Black applicants differently than the White applicants• Study 2: White interviewees who were treated like the Black applicants in Study 1 were also judged to have performed less well during their interview.Reducing prejudice and discrimination• Breaking the chain of bigotry• Educational campaigns• Counteracting prejudice upbringings in the schools• Changing media portrayals• Standing up to bigots11/18/20148Reducing prejudice and discrimination• Increasing intergroup contact• Increased recognition of similarity and common ground• Replacing stereotyped beliefs with individuating knowledge and understanding• Mere exposure effect: familiarity leads to increased liking• For these effects to occur, the contacts must be (1) equal-status, (2) informal rather than formal, and (3) cooperative rather than


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UT Arlington PSYC 3301 - Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 13

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