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SC CHEM 102 - Final Exam Study guide

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CHEM 102 Final Study GuideFinal Exam Study GuidePart 1: Lectures 1-71.What is a Lewis Structure?2.Write the Lewis Structure or CH4?3. What are the three shapes for Electron Pair Geometry? How do you determine them?4.What are the five shapes for Molecular Geometry? How do you determine them?5.The number of areas with electrons around the central atom is ____________.6.The angle between each electron is called ____________.7.What is a steric number?8.Electrostatic forces are called ________________.9.What are the three types of intermolecular attractions?10. All molecules have ___________________.11. Explain dipole-dipole attraction.12. Only molecules that are ________ have dipole-dipole attraction.13. How do you tell if a molecule is polar or not?14. What are London Dispersion forces?15. What are the three requirements for Hydrogen Bonding?16. Explain Hydrogen bonding.Part 2: Lectures 8-141. What is an Alkane?2. Saturated vs. Unsaturated3. What is the combining powers rule?4. What is the difference between the expanded molecular formula and the expanded structural formula?5.What is an isomer?6. Name and draw the isomers for C5H127. Name this Alkane C-C-C-C-C-C8. What is an Alkyl?9. Name the different Alkyl groups and draw them.10. Name this Alkane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3CH3)CH311. What are cycloalkanes?12. Name the five different cycloalkanes and draw them13. What is the product of this monohalogenation reaction? C-C-C-C-C + F  ________________14. What are the four halogens that can react in a monohalogenation reaction?15. Name all the organic products formed when I reacts with 3,4 – dimethyl – Hexane16. What are Alkenes?17. How are Alkenes formed?18. Name the AlkeneC-C=C-C-C19. Name this AlkeneC-C=C-C=C-C20. What are Cis and Trans isomers? Draw a Cis isomer and a Trans isomer.21. What are the reactions for Alkenes?22. Describe what happens during an Addition Reaction? What are the types of Addition reactions?23. What is the Order of Carbon Atoms?24. What is a Major product? What is a Minor product? How do you tell if a product is majoror minor?25. What is an Alkyne?26. List and draw the 6 Aromatic Compounds we need to remember on page B5727. Name the Alcohol C5H12O1. How do you tell if an alcohol is secondary or primary?2. How do you name a compound with a double bond and an OH group?3. Draw this cyclo Alcohol2-methyl cyclopentanol28. Name the reactions for alcohols. What are their products? Do an example of each.29. How do you name Phenols?30. Name the Ether in both ways C-O-C31. Name the products of this reaction32. CH3CH2CH2-OH + H  _______________________33. Name this compoundC-C-C-CHO34. Name this compoundC-C-C(=O)-C-C35. Put these in order from highest boiling point to lowest:Hydrocarbons, alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones36. What are the reactions for Aldehydes and Ketones? Explain and Do examples of each.Part 3: Lectures 15-211. Name the following Carboxylic acids- CH3CH2CH2COOH- CH3CH2CH2(CH3)CH2CH2COOH- CH3(Br)CH2CH2CH2COOH- CH3CH2(Cl)CH2CH2(CH3CH2)COOH2. What is Formic acid? Acetic acid?3. Complete the following reaction- CH3CH2COOH + H2O  ???4. How are Carboxylate Salts formed?5. Complete the following reaction- CH3CH2CH2COOH + NaOH  ???6. Name the Carboxylate Salt- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH Cl7. How is an Ester formed?8. Complete the following reaction- CH3CH2COOH + H-O-C  ???9. Name the following- CH3-CH2-CH2-C(=O)Cl10. How are Acid Anhydrides formed? How are they named?11. Name the following- CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2- CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2- CH3CH2(Br)CH2CH2CH2NH212. Name the following- CH3CH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2CH313. DO the following reaction- CH2NH2 + HCl  ???14. How do you name amine salts?15. What two things make an amine?16. Complete the following reaction- NH3 + CH3OH  ???17. Name the following- CH3CH2C(=O)NH218. How are amides created?19. Complete the Following reaction- CH3CH2CH2C(=O)OH + NH3  ???20. What does acid hydrolysis of an amide produce? Basic Hydrolysis?21. What is the difference between a constitutional isomer and a stereoisomer?22. What is an Enantiomer? Draw an example23. What is a diastereomer? Draw an example24. What criteria do compounds have to meet to me enantiomers?25. What is the Chiral Center? Draw an example. 26. What are the different functions of Glucose? List everything you can about Glucose27. What are the different functions of Starch? List everything you can about Starch28. What are the different functions of Glycogen? Cellulose? List everything you can about both29. What are the 2 classes of Carbohydrates?30. How do you name a stereoisomers D or L?31. Name facts about D-Glucose32. What four things do hemiacetal carbons have to have on them to be hemiacetal?33. What is a disaccharide?34. How do you tell if a disaccharide is Alpha or Beta?35. How do you determine the linkage of a disaccharide?36. Name facts about Maltose, Cellobiose, Lactose, and Sucrose.37. What is the linkage for sucrose?38. What is a reducing sugar?39. What is a polysaccharide?40. What is the difference between Amylose and Amylopectin?Part 4: Literally Everything Else We Learned1.What are the functions of lipids?2.What are fatty acids and how are they classified? What are the 2 essential fatty acids?3.What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. Draw them.4.What are triacylglycerols and explain hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.5.What are the 2 groups of Amphipathetic Hydrolyzable Lipids?6.Know about the different hydrolysable lipids7.What are Steroids? Cholesterol? Eicosanoids? Vitamins?8.What is the difference between water-soluble and fat- soluble vitamins?9. What are the different protein functions?10. What are the categories and characteristics of alpha amino acids?11. What is a Zwitterion?12. How are peptides bonded? How are oligopeptides and polypeptides different?13. How do you name peptides?14. Explain 3-D structure of peptides15. What are the functions of Angiotension, Gastrin, Glutathione, and Vasopressin?16. What are conjugated proteins?17. What are the levels of protein structure? Draw them and name the characteristics.18. How does digestion work?19. What are nucleotides and what makes each different?20. Name the pyrimidines and purines21. How do you name nucleotides?22. How are nucleotides formed and what is their 3-D structure?23. What is base pairing?24. Which bases pair to eachother in DNA? RNA?25. How are chromosomes formed? Describe the information flow from DNA to RNA26.


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