Human PhysiologySpring 2014 Exam I1. If red blood cells are placed in a hyperosmotic solution they will:a. shrink b. swell c. can’t tell what the cell will do d. remain the same2. If red blood cells are placed in a solution that is hypotonic the cells will:a. shrink b. swellc. remain the same d. change depends on type of solutes3. Using the information presented in lecture which of the following is most likely to be the sourcefor the keto acid necessary for the production of the amino acid glutamate (3 carbon R group).a. glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. lactate d. production of acetyl CoA4. Which of the following would decrease the rate of diffusion of sodium ions?a. increased degradation of Na channels b. increased transcription of the Na channelgenec. increase the activity of Na/K ATPase d. none of the above 5. Which of the following is a type of posttranslational modification? a. glycolysis b. glycogenolysis c. glycosylation d. gluconeogenesis6. H bonds important in the secondary structure of proteins are produced because of polar covalent bonds involving: a. phosphate b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. both b and c 7. Denaturing a protein:a. can be caused by inappropriate pH or temperature b. is always irreversible c. may be used to regulate the number of specific proteinsd. all of the above 8. Which of the following is consistent with an increase in affinity at a binding site?a. ligand is more likely to bind to the siteb. ligand stays bound to site for a longer timec. increased in ionic or hydrogen bonding between ligand and sited. all of the above9. Mediated transport::a. has a maximum rate of transport that is dependent on concentration of the transported soluteb. may move solutes down the concentration gradientc. may move solutes against the concentration gradientd. all of the above 10. If a transport protein reaches its transport maximum which of the following has occurred? a. transport decreases b. competition c. saturation d. both a and c11. Beta oxidation of a fatty acid directly produces:a. acetyl CoA b. NADH c. FADH2d. ATP e. a, b and c12. Which of the following could be used to control movement of lipid soluble solutes across an epithelial layer? a. tight junctions b. transmembrane proteinsc. regulating the concentration of the solute d. both a and b13. Which of the following is moved into lysosomes by primary active transport?a. hydrogen ions b. calcium ions c. potassium ions d. all of the above14. A human red blood cell contains a solution that is approximately 300 mOsm. What will happen if we place a red blood cell in a 100 mM solution of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 )a. nothing b. cell swells c. cell shrinks d. no net movement of solute or water15. In a competition between ligand A and ligand B. Which of the following factors would increasethe amount of ligand A bound to the binding site?a. increase affinity of the site for ligand B b. increase the concentration of ligand Ac. saturation of site d. two or more of the above are true16. A reflex to maintain homeostasis that occurs before there is a change in the internal environment could be an example of:a. feed forward regulation b. positive feedback c. negative feedback d. all of the above17. Which of the following types of stimuli can be used to signal opening or closing of ion channels? a. change in membrane potential b. ligand binding c. stretch d. all of theabove 18. A change in a physiological property within an individual in response to a change in the environment is most appropriately called:a. negative feedback b. positive feedback c. acclimatization d. adaptation19. A solution that has 100mM of glucose, 100mM of NaCl and 100 mM of glycerol is:a. isotonic and isosmotic b. hypotonic and isosmoticc. isotonic and hyperosmotic d. hypertonic and hypoosmotic 20. A 500 mOsm solution of glycerol is:a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. hypooosmotic21. If oxygen is limiting cellular respiration stops: a. in glycolysis just after phosphorylation of a 6 carbon molecule b. due to a shortage of NADH from oxidative phosphorylation c. unless lactate and NAD are produced by anaerobic respiration d. all of the above 22. Production of NADH occurs in a. glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. the production of acetyl CoA d. both b and c23. Urea is produced from:a. a keto acid b. deamination c. transamination d. both b and c24. Inhibiting phospholipase C would decrease the amount of:a. DAG b. arachidonic acid c. PIP 2 d. cAMP25. The kidney produces a fluid from blood called the filtrate. The main difference in composition between the filtrate and the blood is based on the size of the solute particles. Which type of transport would be used toform this filtrate?a. diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer b. transcellular epithelial transportc. paracellular epithelial transport c. mediated transport26. Just after it is formed the filtrate has the same concentration of glucose as the blood. Under normalphysiological conditions all of the glucose is removed from the filtrate and put back into the blood. Which type of transport would be used to produce this “reabsorption” of glucose?a. transcellular epithelial transport b. facilitated diffusion c. secondary active transport d. primary active transport27. A phosphoprotein would be inactivated by a:a. phosphatase b. phospholipase c. phosphodiesterase d. G protein28. Which of the following is a peripheral protein?a, Tyrosine kinase b. JAK kinase c. protein kinase C d. calmodulin29. A ligand gated channel would best be described as a form of:a. covalent modulation b. allosteric modulationc. a reversible reaction d. degradation30. Which of the following is not directly produced by oxidative phosphorylation?A. ATP b. CO 2 c. NAD d. FAD31. Phospholipase Ca. produces DAG b. is activated by a G proteinc. acts on a membrane phospholipid d. all of the above32. As a cytosolic messenger Ca acts on?a. IP3 b. calmodulin c. DAG d. all of the above33. A solution that contains 150mM of NaCl and 150mOsm of glycerine is:For this cell glycerine is a penetrating solute and NaCl is nonpenetrating.a. hypotonic and isoosmotic b. isotonic and isoosmoticc. hypotonic and hypoosmotic d. isotonic and hyperosmotic34. If a transport maximum for glucose has been reached what can the cell do to increase the amount of the glucose moved