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TAMU PSYC 315 - Social Influences
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Psych 315 1nd Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Attitudes and Persuasion Outline of Current Lecture II. Sources of powerIII. Types of influenceIV. Classic studiesV. Power in relation to other thingsCurrent LectureSocial InfluenceSources of Social Power- Coercive Power (threat of punishment) Ex: deans of a college- Legitimate Power (role power) Linked to reward and coercive power. - Reward Power hiring- Expert Power: be powerful if you are an expert in a certain field. You are more convincing and help persuade people - Informational Power: knowing ideas in a group that no one else knows. Share info to help people or withhold it to not help others- Referent Power (admiration): liked, able to persuade and help people Types of Influence- Reciprocity: if you do something for me, I’ll do something for you. Seen in organizations- Commitment and Consistency – Training to Torture was used in Greece. People were asked if they were willing to inflict pain on people. Most said no. In order to get soliders to inflict pain. They would have them take steps in leading up to torture. (EX: guard the gate , the building to where they are being tortured. Guard the room while watching the torture, inflict the torture; this is how commitment and consistency lead to behavior.o Buying a car: Same with buying a car. Involves taking steps into saying yes These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Liking/Admiration- Scarcity – Diamonds; Last Opportunity- Social Proof – Everyone else believes than we should too - Authority – Expertise & ExperienceTwo Kinds of Influence by Groupso Normative (Power based): feel afraid no to go along with a group. Don’t want to be isolated or rejected from the group. Changes behavior o Informational: group is telling you information in order to conform (dress this way, act this way). This leads to changing beliefs- The Classic Studieso Asch’s Conformity Study Had people come in who were to do the experiment and confederates.  3 people looked at different lines and were asked obvious questions about the lines. 1/3 of the time participants would give wrong answers because they conformed to what other participants said. The confederate gave wrong answer on purpose to see if participants would conform.  The attractive groups gave more conformity  You only need one person to agree with you and conformity disappears. o Milgram’s Obedience Study: study of obedience to authority figures. Interested inexplaining behaviors in the Nazi’s in Germany. Built a machine that created electric shocks. Had an confederate that pretend that they were being shocked. The confederate read a long list and had to remember it. If they missed one the participant was told to shock them.  This was to see if pain helped learning. Some participants quit but 65% stayed until the highest level of shock was inflicted. Ethical issues were raised. o Sherif’s Norm Formation Study People were to look at dots on a wall. If in a dark room and were shown a dot and you looked at it for a while, it would being to move, even though it wouldn’t.  He did this study to formation  Several trials were done, where there would be 3 people in the room looking at the dot. They found that estimiates about how much the dot moved converged- Asch (I nformational vs. normative?) o Group Attractivenesso Group Cohesiono Group Statuso Group size o The presence of a dissenter o “It’s a slam dunk Mr. President?” - Milgram (65%)o Distance of authority figure and victimo Dissenter Effecto Diffusion of responsibility (the note taker)o What would you do in Milgram’s study?o Ethics- Sherif’s study on norm formation – social proof againo Is conformity all bad?o Getting the job done in task oriented groupso Group Influence can promote good acts Consequences of having social power- Objectification of others o MBA’s and high level executives questioned about peer and subordinate workers.Executives objectified both groups more than MBA.o Priming power in college students showed the same effect. o Also from that same study: people with a high power mindset will spend time with people they dislike if the people will help them achieve their work goals. Low power people spend time with people they like.o Found that people in high power objectified employees more so than otherso When we objectify others we treat them only what they can do for useo When you stop thinking of a person as a actual person and begin to think of them sexually you are being sexually objectifying. o Objectification = powerCompetence, power, and aggression- Communal: do something for someone and not expect a return in favor- Exchange orientation: do things for others but expect a return in favor- Contacted workers with high vs. low power on the job. Measured their feelings of competence on the job and their aggressive tendencies. High power, low competence were most aggressive.- Repeated by priming power and competence. Allowed people to set noise levels. Same resultsPower and communal vs exchange orientations- Prime power by asking people to recall times when they were in charge of others (high power) and when they were subordinate to someone else (low power). - Half of each group are communals and half are exchangers. - Task: select jobs for self and another participant to do in the study. - Results: In low power, no difference between two groups. In high power, communals take more jobs for themselves and exchanges do opposite- Do same study, but prime power by sitting in professor’s chair or visitor’s chair. Get sameresults.- In high power communal people take more jobs for themselves. In exchanges, others delegate their work to others. Power Corrupts in only exchange orientations -Power and Creativity- People primed and put in a high power or low power mindset. - Given a creativity task which involves coming up with new names for pasta, atomic elements, and pain relief products. Creative names are reasonable but unlike existing names- Power primed gave more original names.- More original thought, or more willing to take chances?- Powerful people came up with more creative namesPower and feeling like you have freedom- Make counter-attitudinal speech. Assess feelings of freedom to make or not make the speech and amount of dissonance reducing attitude change.


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