New MediaHow are “new media” different from traditional media?Interfacechild touching leg after magazine not responding to their finger, thought it was brokenInteractivityDemocratization of contentIf you don’t like something you can change itMake alternate videos on YouTubeWhy are parents concerned/optimistic?New technology = old concernsParents would rather spend their money onResearch in this area reflects the pattern of these concernsStarts with use, turns to impactVideo GamesVideo games have surpassed motion picture salesChildren aged 2-7 play video games about an hour each day.Time with video games increases with ageEven preschoolers spend time with video gamesAcross all age groups, boys spend more time with video games than girls do. Why?Not enough games geared towards girlsGirls don’t want to play Barbie online when they can create their ownBest Selling Games of 2013GTA VCall of Duty: GhostsFIFA 2014Pokemon X & YAssassin’s Creed IV: Black FlagThe Last of UsAnimal Crossing: New LeafTomb RaiderMonster Hunter IVBioshock InfiniteTomb Raider is only one with female leadCompanies hire men to develop games and it is an ongoing cyclePotential effects: negativeViolence and AggressionMost of the research has focused on this relationshipCorrelational studies, experiments, longitudinal studiesIncrease aggressive cognition, affect and behaviorFlaws in the researchDo interactivity and realism matter?Meta-analysis (Anderson & Huesmann, 2003)Conclusions:Same range as effects of substance abuse, abusive parents and poverty on aggression.As compared to television violence?Rating SystemSelf-RegulatedMostly age based with some content descriptorsProblemsRatings don’t reflect contentParents don’t understand ratingsParents don’t pay attention to ratingsRatings not enforcedOther negative impactsSchool performance: is it displacement or something else?Video game addiction: is depression the cause or the outcome?Potential effects: PositiveProsocial behaviorChildren sharing in their games will share in realityEducationGames for healthRiley kids game being the chemotherapy and blastingNature vs. NurtureReally interested in where it meetsVideoLittle baby sitting playing angry birdsResearch & TechnologyTechnology develops and then researchers follow stepsConceptual definition of new mediameans of mass communication using digital technologies such as the internetsurveyhow much children use mobile devices2011 – 5 min2013 – 15 mintoddler2011 – 10%2013 – 38%decreased traditional screen time, down 31, mobile screen time, up 10New Media, New Concerns?Content: violence, sex, stereotypingAccessibility (information/buying)InteractivitySocial ConnectionFace to face interaction/embodimentThe ability to be aloneSelf-reflectionIdentity formationIs technology making us stupid?Reading books online vs. traditional wayMore effort than it use toNicholas Carr – “interruptions”MultitaskingPeople who are worst at it do it mostHow much you do it is usually underestimated12%Underestimation of own behaviorSocial well-beingSocial contentMakes us feel neglectedQuantity vs. qualityA lot of connections but not face to faceReplacement of actual real relationships is not as fulfillingPsychological process as you’re looking at your fb feedUsually positive, rarely negativeSelf promotionBut if all you do is read about good things happening to others, ultimately you’re going to feel bad about yourselfSchool performancePrint media, television, computer-based video, music, nonmusic audio, video games, telephone calls, instant messaging, SMS, email, web surfing, other computer-based applicationsSelf-RegulationSocial cognitive theory (Bandura)You - ? - GoalMediating external influencesAnticipating effectsSelf-reflection/self-reactionIn comparison to self or othersRequires effort and energyDeplete & replenishInhibitionDelayed gratification-effective development:external rewards & punishmentsinternal regulationshort lived rewards for liking picturesrequires exercise-self efficacymemory, sustained attention, self-esteem, identity-emotion regulationexternal (environment)internal (body)media use & self-regulation are interacting with each otheremotion & self-regulationfast paced TV & frequent interruptionsvs. desire to feel connected & entertainedmental health/addictionconcentration/adhdeating/obesityaggression/violenceschool performanceso?the ability to be aloneself-reflectionidentity formationmindfulness & meditationFinal OverVideo gamesNew technologyPublic policyMedia and the familyMicrotheme 3Defend the thesis that public policy has dramatically changed the landscape of media for childrenFirst pass #7The way your family navigated media useMom hates the voice but her daughter loves itSpending time with daughter so she watches itTelevision and Legislation-Communications Act of 1934create the FCC – really only thing you need to knowdistribute licensesput into place some type of governing body that controls who gets access to public airwaysimportant in later acts bc they make sure educational programming gets covered-Family Viewing Hour 1975 (now void)1974 – Born Innocent was shown on television by NBCbrutal lesbian rape scene – 7 pmviolent commercials leading up to broadcastreal life rape of young girlmen got the idea from the showFCC chairman said ABC, NBC, CBS had to use public airways more responsiblyInstituting a family viewing hourContent has to be free of violence, sex, profanityHave to have family friendly content at night when we know kids are watching3 networks didn’t like it at firstAll in the Family -> Archie Bunker @ 7Moved it further back and ratings droppedFiled a lawsuit saying it violates 1st amendmentMore family friendly earlier in the evening, and worse ones later at nightFined the FCC for putting something violent on at 7-Children’s TV Act of 1990FCC said in order to renew your license you have to provide educational programming, minimize advertisingMicrotheme public policy has changed for the better-Telecommunications Act of 1996conglomeration of several companiesthe V chipelectronic filtering devicehad to have V chip in place – 4 years to complyact begun by senator that was watching tv with grandson and appalled by terminator on at 8controversial bc a rating system was neededtold the industry that they had to come up with the systemRating SystemLargely age basedVery confusingNot based on any type of scientific evidence at allReliance on age still makes it difficult for