2/273 basic lessons of today’s lecture1. internet use is associated with demands for democracy worldwideknowledge is powerin transitioning democracies, it may increase knowledge & plurality of ideas > increase desire for democracymay lead to “bottom-up democratization”frequency of internet use is associated with demands for democracysurveys tell us about correlation2. digital media provides unique opportunities for mobilizing social changedevelopment of interactive mediaforces that shaped the development of the internetconvergence (share ability)shared commonsopen source softwareneed for social networkingcontribute of social media to collective actionprovides for:high levels of organizational resourcesthe formation of collective identitiesconsistent with mediapersonalized content sharing across media networksunique to digital media3. governments & media corporations make decisions that influence major social, political, and cultural eventsbrief primer on the Arab springwhat is the Arab spring?Started in Tunisia, Egypt got most publicityStrongly facilitated by mediaThis article points to the constraints on digital media as an activist toolLimit #1 “code is law”, lessig 1999Limit #2 corporate policiesUser agreementsIntellectual propertyOffensive contentSocial media does contribute to collective actionEasier for citizens to publicly coordinateCreated information cascades that bolstered perception of successRaised the costs of repressionAllows for a global audienceHow do digitalCase study 1 “we are all khaled said”Former FB exec, wael ghonim, had his political FB page removed because of the use of a pseudonym, which was a violation of FB policyBenefits of pseudonymsPhysical safetyDrawbacksIncreased deceptionDecreased monetizationCase study 2- youtube videos from Syriavideo of a young Syrian boy that was removed and then restoredYouTube policy of exceptions for video that are “education, documentary, or scientific in nature”Case study 3Organizations and governments may attack other groups vi social mediaRepeat complainers are taken with a grain of saltCase study 4- the Syrian electronic armyHacker groups may launch digital attack son those viewed as dissidentsSocial media may serve to proliferate ideologies from both sides of an issueCompanies may comply with gov’t requests to prove information on individuals or remove contentSummaryCompanies may have policies that do not optimize the safety of individual usersOne-size-fits-all policies may be misapplied in ways that limit social movementsCorportanions ma bend to the will of government to protect investmentsSocial support matters for healthSocially isolated people have…More accidentsA greater risk of diseaseA greater risk of developing psychiatric disordersShorter livesSocial support is associated with bio-markers of health, including..Cardiovascular functioningNeuroendocrine functioningImmune functioningUnique aspects of online supportSocial distance: access support without fear of embarrassment or social obligationAnonymityInteraction management: have control over what is said and whenDon’t have to have an instantaneous response, more time to think, reduces likelihood of being interruptedAccess: contact day or nightSocial support online in the middle of night while everyone was asleep, formed connectionWeaker ties sometimes preferableGreater utility & reduced riskWhat is a social network site?A definition: “web- based service that allows individuals to 1 construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, 2 articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and 3 view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from site to site.”“the public display of connections is a crucial component of SNSs”distant types of SNSsmany sites intended for US audiences ended up with international baseOrkutNiche sites aboundBeautifulpeople.comBlackplanet.comMychurch.orgMySpace v. FacebookOpen interface design v. appsMusic emphasis v. student emphasis (at start)What isnt a social networking site?YoutubePinterestSpotifyCNN and other news siteshow do we use social networking sites?To build and maintain social networksHelps maintain offline networkFB helps us form new and strengthen old relationshipsFor impression managementWe carefully craft online self-presentationsWe use friends to signals of identityTo understanding human behaviorCan use to understand how certain site behavior associates with friends ties or types of peopleBuilding and maintain social networksWhat is social capital“The sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition”people and connecting to peoplebridging social capital v. bonding social capital?= meet new people vs. reinforce old relationshipsfacebook is god for bothbridging capital is most improved for people that have low self-esteemimpression managementone study found that when you look at number of friends and how “cool” they are, number of friends increases awesomeness increases, but when they get too many friends, awesomeness goes downunderstanding human behaviorpeople express more positive words at different times of the day and weekdays and weekendsSaturday at 12 was most positive wordsIs social networking addictive?Psychosocial problems -> low social competencePreference for internet interaction -> less threatening more efficaciousExcessive, compulsive use of internetSummarySocializing is good for mental and physical healthThe internet allows for unique forms of socializingSocial networking sites are largely publicSocializing online can be addictiveTopics:1. provide an in-depth description of the life cycle of a media industry2. how are stereotypes used in the media? What are the consequences of those stereotypes? Use examples to illustrate your points3. give examples of advertising campaigns that use deceptive or manipulative techniques discussed in classwrite one paper, pick one topicuse concepts, not facts discussed in class5 pages max, double spacedarguments should be support with references from your literature review3-5 citations in addition to potteronly 1 websiteuse the APA citation formatsuccessful essays will include the following:an introduction paragraph that clearly states the