4/15last time:consciousness, selective attentiontwo more examples:change blindness and selective attention in the real worldnext; examples of altered states of consciousness: sleep and dreaming, hypnosis, drugsfirst, a correction/udapte: figure 3.2, do patients in vegative states show changes in EEG patterns to requestssleep and dreamingwhy do we sleep? Why do we dream?Suppose an extraterrestrial…1. two main types of theories of the function of sleeprestoration of physical and psychological processes, memory consolidationprotection: adaptive inactivity. Don’t wander around at night2. how could you test to see if something is required by the body? How do we know that we need food?If you take it away you die5th exam 50 ?s, 3 exfinal:questions from section 6no questions based on exercises1/3 old questions, 1/3 changed from old exams, 1/3 general conceptsexamples of general:which side of brain is language generally located on?Signal detection theoryCerebral cortexIndependent/dependent variablesExperimental/control groupsOperant conditionCS,UCS,CR, UCRSensory, working, long term memoryREM sleepAbsolute difference thresholdCorrelationPysch review session: Wednesday and ThursdayHypnosis:Mesmer and the history of hypnosisNote difference between mesmers paitents and people hypnotized todayExpecatations: arm drop demoA state of heightened suggestibilityThe need for a control group. For hypnosis it is called a “sham” control. The control group is instructed to behave exactly as they think a hypnotized subject would behave. A double- blind procedure is need/ what would a double-blind procedure be in this case?Some research findingsVoluntary responses -> for physical activity = noIntellectual capacityModification of sensory inputPainHallucinationsAge regressionPost-hypnotic suggestionsa strong impulse to do somethingmemorydissociation or social phenomenonif all or nearly all hypnotic phenomena can be achieved by sham control subjects, then what should we conclude about hypnosisdrugs and consciousnesstext divides drugs into stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogensknow which drugs fall into which categoriesalcohol: stimulantmay appear to be a stimulant one effect is to depress front cortical function which tends to inhibit behavior. Reducing the inhibiting effect can lead to increased activity, at higher doses depresses breathingsection 5: motivation and emotioninferring motivational and emotional states by observing behavior. Both act to generate/guide behaviorwhy do we need a concept like motivation?Instincts: what are they? Important for humans?Biological drive and homeostasis: the goal is to return to equilibrium, hunger as an example of a need-drive modelI. need: physiological state, can be caused by deprivation which leads to bodily changesdrive: psychological response in part the result of need, increased activity, food seekingneed produces drive, behavior seeks food, satisfies need, restores equilibrium, reduces driveincentive: object in the environment that motivates behavior, satisfied the need, reduces the driveII. short-term regulation of food intakeA. why do we start eating ?Stomach contractionsB. why do we stop eating?Full stomach, hormones such as leptin and PPYIII. long-term regulation: the concept of set pointsIV. specific hunger and salt regulationV. can need/drive model explain all motivationExam 5 04/15/20134/15last time:consciousness, selective attentiontwo more examples:change blindness and selective attention in the real worldnext; examples of altered states of consciousness: sleep and dreaming,hypnosis, drugsfirst, a correction/udapte: figure 3.2, do patients in vegative states show changes in EEG patterns to requestssleep and dreamingwhy do we sleep? Why do we dream?Suppose an extraterrestrial…1. two main types of theories of the function of sleep-restoration of physical and psychological processes, memory consolidation-protection: adaptive inactivity. Don’t wander around at night2. how could you test to see if something is required by the body? How do we know that we need food?-If you take it away you die04/15/20135th exam 50 ?s, 3 exfinal:questions from section 6no questions based on exercises1/3 old questions, 1/3 changed from old exams, 1/3 general conceptsexamples of general:which side of brain is language generally located on?Signal detection theoryCerebral cortexIndependent/dependent variablesExperimental/control groupsOperant conditionCS,UCS,CR, UCRSensory, working, long term memoryREM sleepAbsolute difference thresholdCorrelationPysch review session: Wednesday and Thursday Hypnosis:Mesmer and the history of hypnosis -Note difference between mesmers paitents and people hypnotized todayoExpecatations: arm drop demoA state of heightened suggestibility-The need for a control group. For hypnosis it is called a “sham” control. The control group is instructed to behave exactly as they think a hypnotized subject would behave. A double- blind procedure is need/ what would a double-blind procedure be in this case?Some research findings-Voluntary responses -> for physical activity = no-Intellectual capacity-Modification of sensory inputoPainoHallucinations-Age regressionPost-hypnotic suggestions -a strong impulse to do somethingmemorydissociation or social phenomenon-if all or nearly all hypnotic phenomena can be achieved by sham control subjects, then what should we conclude about hypnosis drugs and consciousnesstext divides drugs into stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogensknow which drugs fall into which categoriesalcohol: stimulantmay appear to be a stimulant one effect is to depress front cortical function which tends to inhibit behavior. Reducing the inhibiting effect can lead to increased activity, at higher doses depresses breathing section 5: motivation and emotioninferring motivational and emotional states by observing behavior. Both act to generate/guide behavior why do we need a concept like motivation?Instincts: what are they? Important for humans?Biological drive and homeostasis: the goal is to return to equilibrium, hunger as an example of a need-drive modelI. need: physiological state, can be caused by deprivation which leads to bodily changes-drive: psychological response in part the result of need, increased activity, food seeking-need produces drive, behavior seeks
View Full Document