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IUB CMCL-C 122 - C122+MIDTERM+STUDY+GUIDE

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Kelsey Rowles MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE (20 Points)1. How do Goodman and Monaghan define denaturalization and its application to this class?We begin to see that communication is not something natural that we "know how to do." Instead, we begin to notice how the ways we interact with others are linked to larger cultural understandings and expectations. We begin to see communication in terms of shared cultural knowledge that is learned and practiced (Goodman and Monaghan 1).2. What points does Miner make by writing about the “Nacirema?”Interpretation of action in Ethnography, exoticing the other, the power and responsibility of representation, we must strive to describe other people in such a way that they would recognize themselves, we have culture. 3. How does Agar define “culture” and the “circle around language”? Give examples (16)Culture- having a sense that is outside language, “culture is something those people have but itsmore than that, its also something that happens for you when you encounter it.” Circle- words that people say, use are inside, outside circle; we can’t just look at what people say we need to observe al the ideas around it. we cant draw a circle around language and say “that’s communication”4. According to Agar, what is the “deficit theory?” How does that link to Monaghan’s “fallacy of normality?” (18)Deficit theory- differences between selves and others, lack of something, my way is the best, my way is what’s normal. Fallacy of normality- is it different than what I’m seeing or is it actually wrong? If you’re watching something and you think it is different than what you’re used to. See something and don’t feel like you need to say anything because it’s normal.5. What are Bauman’s 5 principles?a. Communication is socialb. Expressive communicative forms say the most about a culturec. Communication is the social means for achieving social endsd. Communication forms are valued differently by different peoplee. Communication differs across cultures and across time6. What are the 4 categories of performance according to Conquergood? Poetics=invented Play=experimentation with social order Process=culture is a verb (emergent) Power=performance is a site of struggle7. Define Geertz’s “thick description” and explain why the difference between a wink and twitch is important.Trying to convey the social context and cultural meaning is a thick description. The difference between a wink and a twitch is important because a twitch is involuntary and innocent while a wink is forced and conveys a message; it goes beyond social interaction.8. Explain social business’s relationship to doing ethnography.Social business is power, value, and identity. Why, something more than on the surface. How and why people do what they do. You can never be completely objective and need to look at thespecifics.9. Give examples of Bauman’s “emergent quality of performance.” (ch 8)Everyone is performing their own action; this is in someway shaping what their own culture will be. Status in culture will be changing as well. Things are malleable; through acts of performance you can change that culture and play a part in shaping your role and what it is. Ex:Little kid would get beat up, makes fun of himself at first, then he starts making jokes and eventually is funny enough to make fun of them and establishes himself within the group. He changed what was valued and what was important. 10. Describe the Quakers’ language ideology and give examplesBased on religious beliefs, if I do that that’s my sinning, didn’t want to talk a certain way, people have expectations, need to respect me as a person, Quakers had their own ideology about how language should be deployed.11. Why does Ottenheimer change her transcriptions?White female academic, helping black person write his autobiography, records interviews whenhe tells fun stories, writes it in a book, originally she writes how he said it (with accent) wants her to change it to more standard English, its your responsibility as an ethnographer to represent people the way they want to be represented, good goals in everything you do 12. Describe the process of entextualization, decontextualization, and recontextualization. En- realizing something is signiciant, de- taking the information out of its original context, re- sending the conversation to someone else13. Define the three points of Lakoff’s Language triangle. Why does he use the image of a triangle? Form, meaning, and function. An image of the triangle is important; if one point is removed then it all falls apart.14. How/why are indirectness and directness used?Indirect- to avoid, hide from the truthDirectness- power in the relationship, speaker has control15. Define “symbol,” “icon,” and “index,” and describe the differences among them; give examples of each.Symbol- peace sign, cowIndex- senses, context cluesIcon- picture of a celebrity, logo of apple, people know its apple16. What assertions does Tannen make about conversational signals and devices? Give the lists she offers for each category.Signals are pacing and pauses, pitch, loudness; they help establish the conversation. Devices are how you go about the conversation.17. Give examples of code-switching (200)Doctors talk in different way and so do mechanics. Code switching is when the speaker changes the subject from formal to informal ways of speaking to help others understand. 18. According to Maltz and Borker, why do men and women miscommunicate ? Explain how that misunderstanding occurs in minimal responses.Women ask more questions, men interrupt, minimal responses- women are showing they are listening, men do it to agree19. Describe report and rapport talk, and explain why Tannen associates each with one gender over the other.Report- public speaking, stating facts, rapport= women, report=men 20. According to Seizer, how can swear words be transgressive and part of everyday speech?\Seizer is saying that these words are curse words because you can’t say them everywhere, they are off limits at some places. However, there are places where if they are used no one cares and no one will judge


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IUB CMCL-C 122 - C122+MIDTERM+STUDY+GUIDE

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