What characterizes an unfocused interaction?One sided, someone is observing another from afar, not a mutual interaction, between strangers, not necessarily a planned interactionIn a room observing how people are sitting, dressedWhat characterizes a focused interaction?People coming together for a certain amount of time to address a problem, address somethingi. uses of slang1. differentiate from adults2. produce identity – unify/differentiate (racial and subcultural)3. signal or construct youthful trendiness/style4. achieving interactional goalsa. girls kept each other in line because they would ignore the new girls, and not associate with them if a guy talked to themb. girl that is all that is seen as a threat, breaks all the unwritten rules, has luxury itemsc. bring about negative reinforcementa. Organizing principle for violence, respect, and survival in inner city, how one is supposed to acta. social businessi. keep self entertainedii. survival methodFoucault: “power is action that modifies action” (369)Takes place in actionsPower must be salient (relevant/important) to the situation; people must believe in itMay be illusory (not real)People have power because they occupy certain rolesDifferent ways of speaking are associated with different rolesPhysicalCoercive, ability -> skillEconRewards- enable future actionKnowledgeAwareness that lets you actStructuralRole in hierarchyNuturantPower to help others (teaching/ feeding)DemeanourPersona, good guysIdeologicalIdentifies what is and what is not powerfulBeliefs narrativesLocal -> globala. meta – self-aware, self-reflexiveb. pragmatics- lakoff’s triangle- function/intention, language as communicationc. set of social and cultural understandings that inform the ways we understand how language operates in particular contextsd. ways you are expected to speak in certain circumstancese. awareness of how language is supposed to be useda. focused on one person, series of questions leading someone down line to an endpointb. cant come in and share your own perspectivec. “bracketing social context”i. hidden behind the apparent content of any lesson are deeper messagesa. ways of organizing interactions in particular settingsb. the different ways participation can be formally carried out in situationsFINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE (20 PTS)Note: In order to answer these questions well, you will need to understand the terms used in each andtheir distinctions, and their implications for communication and culture.Do something that will help you recognize the correlations among titles, authors, and key terms. This does not have to take the form of a written list to be turned in, although it can – this is for you. 1. What kinds of speech communities or social groups are you a part of – why would they be characterized as such? Speech communities- group of people share rules for using at least one communication practice, they share communicative norms, often self- identify as a group & consider it important to their social life 2. What’s the difference between a focused and an unfocused interaction? What characterizes an unfocused interaction?- One sided, someone is observing another from afar, not a mutual interaction, between strangers, not necessarily a planned interaction - In a room observing how people are sitting, dressed What characterizes a focused interaction?- People coming together for a certain amount of time to address a problem, address something 3. What are symbols of category membership; what symbolic capital do the groups you are a part of use?Differentiate from adults, produce identity, elements that signal to other people that you belong to a group4. Do any of these groups define themselves in opposition to other groups? How do they show that?5. How does slang function in social groups? How does it help to create a sense of identity?i. uses of slang1. differentiate from adults2. produce identity – unify/differentiate (racial and subcultural)3. signal or construct youthful trendiness/style4. achieving interactional goals 6. Does Simmons think that girls are passive and nice? Why or why not? How can they be mean?a. girls kept each other in line because they would ignore the new girls, and not associate with them if a guy talked to themb. girl that is all that is seen as a threat, breaks all the unwritten rules, has luxury items c. bring about negative reinforcement 7. What face saving strategies for solidarity does Kuiper discuss?Face saving – interaction that avoids or mitigates humiliation or coercive acts 8. What is the “code of the streets?” Are there ways around it?a. Organizing principle for violence, respect, and survival in inner city, how one is supposed to act9. What are “boundary publics?” What’s an example given by Gray? Original example?Making spaces for an expression of unique identity/ community in public sphere (350)10. What is the traditional social business of snaps? a. social businessi. keep self entertainedii. survival method 11. How does Kiesling define power? What are its qualities?  Foucault: “power is action that modifies action” (369)- Takes place in actions- Power must be salient (relevant/important) to the situation; people must believe in it- May be illusory (not real)- People have power because they occupy certain roleso Different ways of speaking are associated with different roles 12. What are the seven types of power we discussed in class – and which is the most important? Physical- Coercive, ability -> skill  Econ- Rewards- enable future action  Knowledge- Awareness that lets you act Structural- Role in hierarchy  Nuturant- Power to help others (teaching/ feeding) Demeanour- Persona, good guys  Ideological - Identifies what is and what is not powerful- Beliefs narratives- Local -> global 13. What are metapragmatics?a. meta – self-aware, self-reflexiveb. pragmatics- lakoff’s triangle- function/intention, language as communicationc. set of social and cultural understandings that inform the ways we understand how language operates in particular contextsd. ways you are expected to speak in certain circumstancese. awareness of how language is supposed to be used14. What characterizes the Socratic Method; why is it particularly appropriate for law schools? a. focused on one person, series of questions leading someone down line to an endpointb. cant come in and share your own perspective c. “bracketing social context”i. hidden