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UNT BEHV 3200 - Final Exam Study Guide
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BEHV 3200.001Exam # 4 Study Guide Lectures: 6 Nov – 4 DecNear Death ExperiencesRaymond Moody- Coined term “near death experience” in Life After Life (1975) - Documented over 50 cases of near death experiences, which he took as evidence of life beyond death- Common characteristics exhibited across all 50 caseso A sense of being outside one’s physical body looking downo Movement through darkness or a tunnelo A great light or a great darknesso Encounters with deceased loves ones or spiritual/religious beingso Life reviewIncidence/DemographicsChances of near death experiences following close brush with death: 10-20%- Most themes common across cultureso Near death experiences emerge in early Greek and Tibetan writingso Commonalities exist despite differences in religion, views on death, occupation, illness, etc.Spiritual or Natural?Some researchers suggest that purely natural causes explain near death experiences- Susan Blackmore’s “Dying Brain Hypothesis”- the brain is just dying, all brains die the sameand create the same experienceso Accounts for commonalities (We all have the same brain regardless of beliefs, race, or creedo Peaceful feelings surrounding near death experiences may be due to natural endorphinso Body separation similar to near death experiences can be induced by stimulation of the angular gyruso Ketamine can induce aspects of NDE’sHow does the nonphysical soul interact with the physical body? Is it actually physical?- Duncan MacDougal tried to weigh the soul leaving the body upon deatho Found that body lost .75 oz upon deatho Flaws in research (timing, temp, evaporation)o Rancher Lewis Hollander did a similar experiment with sheep and found they actually increase in weight upon deathAll “data” is anecdotal and therefore difficult to proveAlien Encounters“Are we alone?” encompasses many questions:- Is it possible that life exists on other planets?- Is it likely that other life is intelligent? - Is it likely that we could achieve contact with life?- Would we recognize it if we saw it?“Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.” – Carl Sagan, the “Sagan Standard”Carl Sagan’s “Drake Equation” calculates the likelihood of intelligent, communicable life[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlikCebQSlY]High technology comes with potential for relatively quick self destructionHumans have explored a relatively tiny amount of our own galaxy[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RExQFZzHXQ]Now… What are the chances that Earth has been visited by other beings already?What kind of evidence is needed to answer this question?UFO’s UFO: Unidentified Flying ObjectSightings:- First UFO sighting by Kenneth Arnold on 24 June 1947o Saw nine shiny flying objects near Mt Rainero Interviewed by news, term “flying saucer” coined, Arnold never claimed they were saucer shapedo Within weeks several hundred additional sightings reportedEvidence:- Thousands of photos, hours of video- Books, TV, webpages- Some claim there’s too much evidence for it all to be fakeCrop Circles:- Original arose in the 1970’s - ~10,000 reported- In 1991, two pranksters, Doug Bower and David Chorley, claimed to have been responsiblefor most circles in EnglandAlien Encounters:2-4 million Americans have been visited, abducted, or encountered alien life form- John Mack, M.D., professor of psychiatryo Won a Pulitzer prize for “Abduction: Human Encounters with Aliens”o Began as a skeptic, but began to believe after conducting many interviews due to sincerity, vivid details, and a greater chance of loss (credibility, reputation) morethan gain- Reasons to be skeptical:o False memory phenomenao Sleep paralysis, near-sleep hallucinations (hypnogogic)o Temporal lobe labilityNazca Lines (Peru)Aliens built the pyramids, right?Ghosts30-40% of Americans believe in ghostsIs it natural or supernatural?How can you tell?Are we dualists from the start? Do we believe in a distinction between body and soul?http://edge.org/video/natural-born-dualistsGlobal WarmingReadings: http://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/how-we-know-global-warming- is-real/http://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/a-climate-of-belief/What do you believe is the main issue involving global warming? Do you believe that it’s a real issue at all? What should be done about it?Question of OriginsReadings:http://www.findingdarwinsgod.com/excerpt/index.htmlShermer, M. (2002). Confronting creationists: twenty-five creationist arguments, twenty-five evolutionist answers. In Why people believe weird things: pseudoscience, superstition, and otherconfusions of our time (pp. 137-153). New York: A.W.H. Freeman/Owl BookIntelligent Design: - The “intelligence” involved is not necessarily a deity, just a purposeful intelligence, possibly a natural force- Life is too complex to be created randomly- Small Probability + Specificity = Intelligent Design- Study of finding patternsWhat does it mean to say something was intelligently designed?Why can’t this coincide with an evolutionary theory of origins?Science and religion are not either/or. They can work together. But if “God is in the dark places” that science can’t reach, can that halt progress?Does offering God as a solution prevent further research or is it a natural merging point between the views?LAST EXAM OPENS


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UNT BEHV 3200 - Final Exam Study Guide

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