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UNT SPHS 2015 - 10 BB Biological Foundations of Hearing F13(1)(1)

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The Biological Foundations of hearingThe EArHearing MechanismParts of the EarOuter Ear- Main StructuresOuter Ear- FunctionsMiddle EarHealthy EardrumMiddle Ear- FunctionsMiddle ear- FunctionsMiddle Ear- FunctionsAcoustic ReflexReviewInner EarInner EarInner ear- CochleaAcoustic NerveAuditory PathwaysPhysiology of HearingSlide 2001/14/191Sound enters our ear and is modified to sound energy and transmitted to the brainOur brain processes and interprets sound energyWe hear with our brains, not our ears!Video of process:http://science. education.nih.gov/supplements/nih3/hearing/activ ities/lesson4.htm01/14/1925 sections1. Outer ear2. Middle ear3. Inner ear4. Acoustic nerve5. Brain’s auditory processing centers01/14/193Outer EarMiddle EarInner Ear01/14/194Pinna – visible portion of the earCanal – connects pinna with eardrumCerumen – waxy substance found in ear01/14/195Pinna -a sound collectorCanal -protects the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and enhances sound pressure01/14/196Tympanic membrane (eardrum)OssiclesEustachian tube01/14/19701/14/198Acts as a transformer by boosting the pressure of sound energy to inner earTympanic membrane – (eardrum)Forms airtight and sterile seal to middle earThin, flexible, responsive to sound wave energy01/14/199Ossicles – three tiny bones in middle ear Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil)Stapes (stirrup)The ossicles work together to boost and transmit pressure to inner ear01/14/1910Eustachian tube Connects middle ear to pharynx (back of throat)Opens with each swallowMaintains equal pressure between middle ear and outsideAllows drainage of fluid from middle ear01/14/1911Two muscles in the ear provide protection against extremely loud noisestensor tympani - tenses the eardrum to lessen vibrationstapedius - stiffens the ossicular chain01/14/1912Name the part of the ear given its function:Drains fluid from the middle earEar drum protectionTransmit sound from the ear drum to the inner earCollects sound and funnels it into the ear canalPressure equalizerProvides protection of the middle earProvide protection against extremely loud sounds01/14/1913Converts energy to a code which can be interpreted by the brainOval windowCochleaEndolymph 01/14/1914Oval window - small opening in the cochlea that connects to the footplate of the stapesCochlea - snail-like organ containing hair cells and …. Endolymph - fluid that fills the cochlea01/14/1915Basilar membrane - floor of the cochleaOrgan of Corti - contains hair cells, called cilia, which respond to movement of the endolymphHair cellshttp://youtu.be/U_HUgzhmq4U 01/14/1916Acoustic nerve- carries neural impulses to the brain. Two divisions:vestibular division - transmits information from the semicircular canals for balanceauditory division - transmits information from the cochlea for hearing01/14/191701/14/1918The tympanic membrane and ossicular chain vibrate in response to incoming sound wavesThe footplate of the stapes moves against the oval window causing movement of the endolymph in the cochleaThe hair cells (cilia) on the basilar membrane of the cochlea move as the endolymph moves01/14/1919The movement of the hair cells creates signals which are translated into nerve impulsesThe nerve ending of the auditory division of the acoustic nerve picks up the impulses and transmits them to the brainJourney into the


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UNT SPHS 2015 - 10 BB Biological Foundations of Hearing F13(1)(1)

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