POLS 1101 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 16 - 20Lecture 16 (November 4)- Enumerated powers: power to tax, declare war, etc..- Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives - Age requirements: 25 in House, 30 in Senate- 7 years of citizenship for House, 9 for Senate- 2 year terms in House, 6 year terms in Senate- Local representation in House, state representation in Senate- Direct elections for both the House and the Senate- House impeaches (brings charges of impeachment)- Impeachment trials are done in the Senate- Senate can also do filibusters- Filibusters are actions such as a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislativeassembly while not technically contravening the required procedures.- A Vote of Closure requires 60 votes in the Senate to end a filibuster- House also has the Power of the Purse, which means they have the power to control money- Gerrymandering is to redraw congressional boundary lines so that it benefits a certain candidate - Apportionment is determining the amount of seats a state gets based on their population- Redistricting is actually redrawing all the boundary linesLecture 17 (November 6)- Descriptive/Demographic Representation - Congress is mostly perceived as a “bunch of old white men”- Substance Representation - Trustee model is a model in which constituents elect their representatives as “trustees”- Trustees act in favor of the greater common good and interest even if it goes against the smaller interests of their constituency - The Delegate model is when they elect delegates- They only act as a mouthpiece for the desires of their constituency - They are just a voice and do not have the same independence as trustees- Standing committees have legislative jurisdiction, they can consider bills and issues, recommend measures for consideration, monitor agencies, programs, and activities - A Joint committee is a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicamerallegislature - A Select committee is a small number of members appointed to deal with specific areas or issues- A Conference Committee resolves disagreements on a particular issueLecture 18 (November 13)- Qualifications for the President- Age 35 years old- Lived in U.S. for 14 years- Natural born citizen- 2 terms (10 years max)- Manage national affairs and federal government- Issue rules, regulations, and instructions - Prepare the U.S. budget- Call into service the National Guard- Make treaties with the Senate’s approval- Nominate heads of governmental departments- Sign or veto bills- Issue a signing statements- Outline legislative agenda- Give State of the Union address- Nominate judges to Supreme Court- Grant pardons- Appoint top officials for federal agencies- Reduce a persons sentence- Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces- Direct the military - Wage warsLecture 19 (November 20)- The Judiciary Act of 1789-first session of the First United States Congress and established the first U.S. federal judiciary- U.S. District Courts are the lowest level- 94 District Courts- Judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate- Federal Magistrate judges work at district courts and handle lower level court cases- U.S. Court of Appeals is next level up- Also called Federal Circuit Courts- 12 of these- Supreme Court is the highest and there is only one- Judicial Review is not in the Constitution - Marbury vs Madison (1803) made the Supreme Court a separate branch of government with Congress and the executive- Judicial Review is the implied power over the supreme court to have the authority to declare laws of congress and acts of the executive branch unconstitutionalLecture 20 (December 2)- Interest groups are linkage institutions that change public policy- Similar to political parties- Interest groups are narrowly focused, they do no nominate because of money- Organizations of people with similar policy goals who enter the political process to achieve these aims and enumerate congress are interest groups- Business interest groups are about 80% of them- Labor interest groups- Professional interest groups- Public interest groups- Grassroots advocacy- Direct Lobbying- Cultivate access- Mobilize public opinion- Pluralism sees interest groups in a democracy as a good thing- Protection of Liberty- Pluralist Theory says a multiplicity of interests is good (large republic)- Competing interest check one another such that no single groups dominates- Assumes groups will form roughly in proportion to people’s interests in society- Some groups issues are more likely to be heard and recognized more than others- Latent interest groups- These are describing a group of politically like-minded people that is not represented by any interest group- Latent interest groups include the imprisoned, students…- Pluralist perspective ignores the costs associated with organizing a group in the first place- Groups don’t automatically form because of the ease of free
View Full Document