CJ 100 MWF 9-9:50Exam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 21-27Lecture 21 (November 3)CorrectionsWhat is a correction?Corrections refers to ALL programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of the accused and convicted What are the two types of correction models?The Pennsylvania system (1st model of prison system) TEST- Criminals could be reformed if they were placed in penitentiaries - Separate confinement (solitary) – inmates held in isolation from other inmates. All activities, including craftwork, took place in cells (and in isolation). TEST- Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison and would prevent learned criminal behavior - Offenders would reflect on their past transgressions and repent The New York System (2nd model of prison systems) TEST- Rival to Pennsylvania’s concept of separate confinement - Congregate system – prisoners were held in isolation at night but worked with other prisoners in shops during the day - Prisoners worked under a rules of silence and were forbidden from even looking at each other - Industry efficiency should be the purpose of prison - Contract labor system – labor sold on a contractual basis to private employers. Private employersprovided the equipment and inmates made products to sell - Strict discipline, obedience is key What is a community correction?- community corrections  probation, parole, work release programs, hallway houses, education. Makes up 70% of corrections and jails and prison make up 30% of correctionsWhat are the models of incarceration?- Custodial model – emphasizes security, discipline, and order (assumes purpose of incapacitation, deterrence, or retribution) - Rehabilitation model – emphasizes treatment programs (drug courts) - Reintegration model – emphasizes ties to family and community (community corrections)- The majority of prisons conform to the custodial model What is a Super-max prison?Facilities and inmates are classified by security range: Level 1 (lease secure, camp-type settings), Level 5 (the most secure, “super max” penitentiary at Florence, Colorado)What is the only federal supermax facility?Lawrence, Colorado called the ADX FlorenceLecture 22 (November 5)Prisons and JailsWhat is probation versus parole?Probation is a front alternative to jail: conditional release into the community (avoids incarceration)Parole is an end alternative to jail: Early release, submit to drug test, follow rules, and avoid parts of town and certain people. If you violate parole what is it called? technical violation. What is the main problem with probation today?Overload of cases. So to help relive that they created day reporting centers, and some cities even combine the jobs of a parole and probation officer into one officer. What is an Intermediate Sanction?--Restitution- repayment in the form of money or service by an offender to a victim who has suffered some loss from the offense--Day Reporting Centers—Community correctional center where an offender reports each day to comply with elements of a sentence. A single place where clients can come to so the officer doesn’t have to travel. Community corrections account for what percent of federal corrections?70%-- TEST--based on the goal of finding the “least restrictive alternative”Lecture 23 and 24 (November 10th and 17th )The OJ Simpson Trial What was the physical evidence?--left handed glove at scene of crime covered in blood (Nicole Browns house)--OJ Simpson’s house—Right handed glove covered in blood, blood found on Bronco, --socks soaked in Nicole’s blood at foot of OJs bed 4 points that constitute reasonable doubt1. How the crime scenes were handled: the bronco, Nicole’s house, and OJ’s house2. EDTA evidence: doesn’t occur naturally but turns up in the blood spattered socks and the blood on the gate. No other blood that was anywhere3. Mark Furman- lead detective says that he found all this evidence, he was first on the scene. When asked if he planted any evidence he said I plead the 5th4. one of the lead detectives had two vials of blood in his pocket carrying them from crime scene to crime sceneLecture 25 (November 19th )Casey Anthony TrialTwo main prosecution mistakes1. Over-trying--they tried new forensic techniques and said that they were fantasy forensics. 2. Over-Charging-- 1st degree murder and aggravated manslaughter.****Remember no actual cause of death was foundWhat was the defense’s argument?-Accidental drowning in family swimming pool-George Anthony disposed of the body-Defense said that Casey lied because of her dysfunctional family. They wanted to put any kind of doubt in the Jury’s mind-Fantasy Forensics was that the prosecution had very little physical evidence, and the prosecution is using new technologies in courtA new piece of evidence found—the second internet search under Mozilla, someone had searched fool proof suffocation methods, then instantly logged into Casey’s myspace accountThe Civil trial against CaseyCriminal vs Civil Court (Beyond a reasonable doubt vs. preponderance of evidence) -Zenaida Fernandez- Gonzalez defamation suit (it slurred her name and she lost her job, house, and reputation. She lost everything and it was slander)-Defamation- Term for any statement that hurts someone’s reputation (not a crime, but a tort (civil wrong))-Written defamation = Libel-Spoken Defamation = SlanderLecture 26 (November 24th )World Com Scandal and the Juvenile SystemWho was the CEO in charge of the World Com Scandal?Bernie Ebbers- He was a very trusted man who preached all about frugality and saving money. He even limited the amount of coffee in employee room. Turns out he was stealing millions of dollars from his company and had multiple yachts and expensive things that he preached against owning. What are the 3 main points of the Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980)-In Re Gault (1967) – afforded juveniles many of the same de process rights as adults (right to legal counsel, to confront and examine accusers, notices of chargers etc.) -In Re Winship (1970)- the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt still applies to juvenile delinquency proceedings-Status Offenders were taken out of correctional institution, ie skipping school. (crime for kids not for adults)What was the main Juvenile case in 2005?-Roper vs Simmons (2005)-He’s the beginning of a new movement—If you commit a crime under the age of 18, you cannot be sentenced to the death