Phys 104Final Study GuideLecture 1 (August 25)- If you double the radius of a blowfish, by what factor does the volume increase?The volume increases by a factor of 8. The formula for V is (4/3) * pi * r3. If you change the formula to (4/3) * pi * (2r)3 and carry out the math, you will 8 * V.- What is the formula for density?density = mass/volumeLecture 2 (August 27)- What functions of a graph should you consider when determining best fit?quadratic, linear, exponential, power- Power LawsKnow how to carry out the math involving exponents.- What are the two systems of units?SI (metric) and the Imperial (British) system- Conversion factor for kg and lbs:1.000 kg = 2.205 lb- Conversion factor for mg and kg:1 mg = 1 x 10-6 kgLecture 3 (September 3)- Describe a push and a pull.An example of force. They result from an interaction between two bodies or a body and its environment. - What do you need to describe a force?Magnitude, direction, unit- What is the unit for force?Newton- What are quantities with direction called?Vector quantities- What are examples of scalar quantities?Surface area, volume, density- Basically explain gravitational force.Weight of an object (W). Force exerted by the earth.- In what direction are normal forces?Perpendicular to the contact surface.- According to Newton’s first law, when an object is at rest or moving at constant velocity, what is the sum of the forces?Net force = 0- F (B on A) = - F (A on B) is an example of what?Newton’s third lawLecture 4 (September 8)- Define displacement.Change in position in meters.- Is displacement a scalar or vector quality?Vector because it has magnitude and direction. - Basically speaking, what is velocity?The rate of change in position; basically the speed.- Describe the velocity of fast and slow objects.Fast objects experience large changes in small amounts of timeSmall objects experience small changes in large amounts of time. - Purpose of position vs. time graphObject is either speeding up or slowing down.- Purpose of velocity vs. time graphAcceleration = slope- Newton’s 2nd Law Equation:Fnet = m*aLecture 5 (September 10)- Gravitation force featuresnon-contact forces, magnitude of mg, points towards earth- FormulaFgrav = mgLecture 6 (September 15)- Tension force is usually exerted by what?The rope- What happens to the tension on massless ropes?The tension applied to one end is equal throughout the rope. - What is static friction force?The friction force exerted by the ground on the block.- What happens when the applied force overcomes the maximum static friction force?The block moves.- The maximum static friction is proportional/inverse to the normal force exerted by the object?ProportionalLecture 7 (September 17)- How does the change in length vary with force?o Linearly- What is the proportionality constant called?o Spring constant- What is Hooke’s law?o F = k * change in length- What is the quantity of tensile stress?o F/A- What is the quantity of tensile strength?o Change in length/length- What is the slope of the stress-strain curve called?o Young’s modulus- What is the largest stress a material can sustain?o Tensile strengthLecture 8 (September 22)- What is a point mass?o The analysis is only concerned with motion in a line- How do you describe an object at rest (zero net force)?o Static equilibrium- Of magnitude, mass, position, and angle, which affect rotation?o Magnitude of forceo Position of forceo Angle of force- What are the units of torque?o N*m- Does the tangential component contribute to torque?o Yes.- What is the moment arm?o Perpendicular force- When torque is counterclockwise, is the rotation positive or negative?o Positive- Does the center of mass need to be on an object?o No (think of a float).Lecture 9 (September 24)- Primarily classroom response questions. No new material introduced.Lecture 10 (September 29)- Define kinetic energy.o Energy of motiono Denoted as K.- For equal speeds, how does K vary with mass?o Proportionally- For equal masses, how does K vary with velocity?o Proportionally- Is K a scalar or vector quantity?o Scalar- What is the formula for work?o W = F∆X- What is the formula for kinetic energy?o K = ½ mv2Lecture 11 (October 1)- What is the net external work?o When more than one force acts on an objecto Sum of works done by individual forceso Wnet, ext = W1 + W2 + W3 …- How is K related to net external work?o Net external work is the change in kinetic energy- True/False: The work done by a force can be +, -, 0.o True, it depends on the angle between the force and displacement.- What is the formula for net external work?o Wnet, ext = ∆K = ½ m(v2f – v2i)Lecture 12 (October 6)- In the ball-Earth system, what if there are no external forces?o No work is done on the systemo Total energy remains the same- What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?o Wgrav = -∆Ugrav- When ∆K = -, ∆E = 0, ∆U = ?o +Lecture 13 (October 8)- What is the relationship between the spring extension and the applied force?o Proportionally- What is the formula for applied force?o Fapplied = k*∆lo Force constant = k- What is the direction of the spring force compared to the applied force?o Opposite direction- What is the magnitude of the spring force compared to the applied force?o Equal- What is the formula for the spring force?o Fspring = -k*∆l- What is the formula for the elastic potential energy of a spring?o Uelastic = ½ k(∆l)2Lecture 13 (October 13)- Does gravity have external forces?o No external forces = no worko Total energy must remain constant- When the ball rises, the kinetic energy decreases, and the total energy?o stays the same- Gravitational Potential Energy increases when KE?o decreaseso Increases when kinetic energy decreases - W = ?o -deltaULecture 14 (October 15)- The potential energy of the ball-Earth system is proportional to?o the ball’s vertical position- Chemical Bonds are?o The attraction between two opposite electric charges is similar to the attraction of two massesLecture 15 (October 20)- Thermal energy equation?o Eth = Umicro + Kmicro- Range of K temperature?o 0 to 373- First Law of Thermodynamics?o Energy can be transferred between the system and environment through a thermal interactiono W + Q = Delta E- Specific heat equation?o c=Q/(M * deltaT)- Ideal Gas Law?o pV= nRT- Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?o Two systems placed will transfer thermal energy from hot to cold until equilibriumLecture 16 (October 22)- One mole of any substance
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