HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last LectureI. French Revolutiona. Generalb. Originsc. Monarchy to Republicd. Terror and ResistanceOutline of Current LectureI. NapoleonII. Napoleon’s Authoritarian StateIII. The New PaternalismIV. Military ConquestsV. Napoleon’s fallVI. ConclusionCurrent LectureI. Napoleona. Political instability  does rapid political change inevitably lead to violence?i. 1795: he was a penniless officer just released from prisonii. 1796: becomes commander of French army1. The army was only source of stability in France2. Was very successful in wars abroadiii. 1796-1797: France vs. Austria1. Important military victoryiv. 11/7/1799: 18 Brumarie1. Successful coupv. 1802: names himself First Consul for LifeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Emperor Napoleon I2. He chooses 2 “helpers”3. These three consuls make all laws and execute them4. Concentrated power is a corrosive effect of political instabilityII. Napoleon’s Authoritarian Statea. Goals: reestablish order in the state and create a dynasty for life and his descendantsb. Reconciliation with Catholicsi. “How can there be order without religion?”ii. signed agreement with the Pope ending decade of discontentiii. Created provinces and prefects of the provinces (an loyal administration)iv. Created the Bank of France to stabilize the economyc. Limited freedom of political expression (strict control of disagreement and personal opinion)d. Personal cult as it is in the armyi. Napoleon wants to be known as the “father of the people”e. Creates monuments celebrating France and himselff. Intellectual statei. Establishes a prestigious court with scholars and scientists ii. Attempted to control every aspect of societyiii. Bureaucracy was built on patronageIII. The New Paternalisma. What scholars called this new form of governmentb. Acts as the father figure/ head of the family/protectorc. Combination of aristocratic and revolutionary valuesi. New hierarchy that rewarded meritd. Senate and patronagei. Different roles in society working togetherii. Creates a new nobility that serves the stateiii. Civil Code of 18041. Before this, France is governed by random regional laws2. Becomes the only law of the land3. Protected property and religious rights but severely reduced women’s rightse. Is an authoritarian government the only way out of divisive politics in times of war?IV. Military conquests  was Napoleon’s rise to powera. 1800-1812: huge army created with 1.3 million draftedb. Military duty was a means of social mobility and patriotic dutyc. Napoleon was a brilliant General and strategist with fanatical solider loyaltyi. Morale was the keyii. Opponent were divided and uncoordinated1. In a few years, he had conquered Europe (minus Britain and Russia)2. Abolished the ancient regime of nobility and forced the civil codeV. Napoleon’s falla. European nationalism surged as they were conquered by the Frenchi. Countries didn’t want to adopt French idealsb. Britain resistedc. September 1812: invasion of Russia was Napoleon’s undoingi. 600,000 soldiers and 250,000 horses invaded (a HUGE army)ii. Russia avoided confrontation (retreated)iii. French finally defeated Russia in Moscowiv. Moscow then burns to the ground destroying all chances of living and theFrench soldiers’ morale plungesv. By December, 1/6 of the army remains and many of them were in captivityvi. Monarchy is restored with Louis XVIII at the head1. Napoleon goes into permanent exileVI. Conclusiona. Human costs of Napoleon’s rule is highb. 750,000 French and 400,000 drafted soldiers from Europe diedc. The impact was hugei. Idea of a united Europe permanently alters political landscapeii. Ideals couldn’t prevent terroriii. Awakening of nationalism surgesd. 1789-1815: Republicanism, democracy, terrorism, nationalism, military dictatorship (Napoleon’s rule), major change of political regimesi. During this short amount of time, France experiences a variety of political