GOVT 370L 1stEdition Exam 1 Study GuideUrban Politics Review Sheet I. Chapter 11: Governing the fragmented metropolitan II. Urban Sprawl- low density residential development III. the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs to its outskirts to low-density and auto-dependent development on rural land, high segregation of uses (e.g. stores and residential), design features that encourage car dependency/ usually on edges of metropolitan region/ more you sprawl out, the wealthier you get/ urban cores becomingmore wealthyIV. -Why is it a problem? V. Residents of sprawling neighborhoods tend to emit more pollution per person and suffermore traffic fatalitiesVI. Development is exploding but population is not growing as muchVII. Family size going down while house size is going upVIII. Infrastructure to support sprawl is expensiveIX. Older areas decayX. Environmental problemsa. Problems with sprawl air pollution, traffic congestion, and visual blight XI. -What social/political problems or complications has it caused? XII. sprawl creates barriers. Sprawl tends to replace public spaces with private spaces such as fenced-in backyards. Also there is a phenomenon known as white flight, in which Some blame suburbs for what they see as a homogeneity of society and culture, leading to sprawling suburban developments of people with similar race, background and socioeconomic status- What are some causes of it?XIII. People want to live in smaller communitiesXIV. Get away from violence in citiesXV. sprawled communities typically tend to pay less for property XVI. want of larger, less expensive, easily developed houses- How does fragmentation of government encourage sprawl? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XVII. Acting on behalf of their residents, local governments enact land use regulations to secure lifestyle preferences for low density, suburban living environments while at the same time ensuring a high quality of public service provisionXVIII. -What are some solutions to control growth? (i.e. linkage fees, impact fees, etc)XIX. put policies in place that promote high density population areasXX. make sure that zoning does not protect urban sprawl XXI. -Portland Oregon- why different?XXII. They have a have an urban growth boundary that separates Urban land and Rural land which directs development to the urban core. XXIII. Growth control XXIV. Try to minimize sprawl/ the movement to regulate the pace and location of developmentcontinued to gain momentum/ people wanted the freedom to move where they please, but not happy when their neighborhoods seem threatened by a steady stream of newcomersXXV. Caps on the pace of new construction, impact fees (imposed on developers to pay some of the public costs of growth), linkage fees (developers pay for the link costs to development—affordable housing, schools, daycare)a. Ventura County, CA (wealthy city in which voters passed initiatives to create urban growth boundaries designed to limit new development at the edges of thecounty’s cities/ new rules made it so that land located within designated growth boundaries could not be rezoned for development until 2020)b. Nevada 2002 (conservation bond issued to protect open lands from unplanned sprawl)c. Portland, Oregon (aggressive growth control physical boundary to limit new connection on its edges)- Growth boundaryXXVI. Zero setbacks- No setback from a sidewalkXXVII. variations in the setback are encouraged to respond to building function and to create visual interestXXVIII. adjacent to ground floor space designed for other uses, buildings shall be set back from the back of the required sidewalk to provide a buffer between the sidewalk and buildingXXIX. A porch starting close to the sidewalk to encourage neighbor interactions.XXX. Smart Growth MovementXXXI. Came together around a collection of proposals designed to achieve “balanced” regionaldevelopment by regulating land use and promoting community and environmental planning / believe that local govt must take the lead in reducing the environmental effects of unregulated urban growth and unplanned land use/ building infrastructure in designated areas while simultaneously protecting other areas from development XXXII. Principles of Smart GrowthXXXIII. Mix Land Uses- encouraging residents to live where they workXXXIV. Take advantage of compact building designXXXV. Create a range of housing opportunities and choicesXXXVI. Create walkable neighborhoodsXXXVII. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of placeXXXVIII. Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areasXXXIX. Strengthen and direct development towards existing communitiesXL. Provide a variety of transportation choicesXLI. Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost effectiveXLII. Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisionXLIII. How is Austin doing Smart Growth?XLIV. Neighborhood Planninga. Character of neighborhood importantb. Traffic managementc. Compact, mixed use developmentd. Infill developmente. Housing for range of incomesXLV. Downtown RedevelopmentXLVI. Open Space Preservation- reserved land XLVII. Smart Growth IncentivesXLVIII. Robert Mueller Municipal Airport RedevelopmentXLIX. Why good, does it go too far? Does it not go far enough? Why would some people dislike it?L. Smart growth values long-range, regional considerations of sustainability over a short-term focus. Its goals are to achieve a unique sense of community and place; expand the range of transportation, employment, and housing choices; equitably distribute the costs and benefits of development; preserve and enhance natural and cultural resources; and promote public health.LI. it can be too restrictive and it can inhibit growth and if does not go far enough is centralized growth. LII. is disliked because creating sustainable environments means spending more money up front, and it is difficult to implement all of these things.LIII. Regional planning needed to spot the twin process of abandonment and new investment LIV. Discouraging Plans for:LV. Neighborhoods in ‘zones’LVI. Separation of housing based on costLVII. Streets that funnel to larger streets onlyLVIII. Wide streets that encourage cars and dangerous to pedestriansLIX. Dependence on autos for everythingLX. Encouraging Design