DOC PREVIEW
UT Arlington BIOL BIOL 3427 - Ch 22 Seedless Plants

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4 out of 12 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 12 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 12 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 12 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 12 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 12 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

22.1 Mosses22.2 Liverworts and Hornworts22.3 Seedless Vascular Plants22.1 MossesChapter 22: Seedless PlantsObjectives22.1 Mosses- Identify some characteristics of mosses.- Describe the life cycle of mosses22.2 Liverworts and Hornworts- Discuss the characteristics of liverworts and hornworts- Compare and contrast liverworts, hornworts and mosses22.3 Seedless Vascular Plants- Describe the characteristics of seedless vascular plants- Compare whisk ferns, club mosses, and horsetails.22.4 Ferns- Describe the characteristics of ferns- Explain the life cycle of a fern122.1 MossesSimilar to first land plantsNonvascular plant belonging to class Musci and division Bryophyta14,000 species- more than any other bryophytemost are tropicalsome can survive dry climatesall need water to complete their life cyclecommon characteristics include:photosyntheticmulticellularsexually reproducingeukaryoticnon-complicated vascular system- water moves cell to cell by osmosis since most mosses are only a few cells thicklive on moist brick walls, cracks of sidewalks, forest floors, shady sides of treesThe Life Cycle of MossesTypical moss alternates between haploid gametophyte (N) and diploid sporophyte stages (2N)Gametophyte stage-Small gametophyte is longest lived part of the life cycleLeaf like photosynthetic structures lack vascular tissue and are usually only one cell thickHave rhizoids on underside to anchor moss Sporophyte stage- usually smaller and attached to the gametophyte Lacks chlorophyll depending on gametophyte for foodFoot of gametophyte anchors it to sporophyte 2Stalk grows up and is topped by a capsuleCapsule (sporangium) is the structure that forms haploid sporesSexual ReproductionProduce two kinds of gametes: egg & spermGametes surrounded by sterile cells that protect them from drying outEggs are large w/ much cytoplasm and immobileSperm are smaller, flagellated and must swim through water to fertilize the eggArchegonium- the egg producing structure of a mossFlask shaped3Forms on branches of gametophyteEach archegonium forms one eggAntheridium- sperm producing structure of a mossPart of the gametophyteSpherical or sausage shapedEach Antheridium produces many spermBecause the sperm must swim from antheridium to archegonium reproduction can only take place when the gametophyte is under waterSperm follow a trail of chemicals released by the egg in the waterAfter fertilization a zygote is formed which undergoes mitosis to become a sporophyteAfter maturation the sporophyte forms haploid spores to begin the gametophyte generationWhen spores are mature the capsule opens and the wind carries off the spores; if it lands in a moist place it sprouts to form a new gametophyteAsexual ReproductionCan occur in two ways:Fragmentation- small pieces are broken off and form a new plantGemmae- (= swelling or bud. Latin) tiny pieces of tissue that can form new gametophytes. Raindrops splash the gemmae off the parent plant and they are carried away to a new area to form new gametophytesMosses and the Ecosystemdecomposerspioneer specieskeep soil moist and prevent soil erosionshelter for insects and animalsnesting materials for birds & mammalsPeat bogs- a wet ecosystem that is formed by large mats of sphagnum (peat moss)4Sphagnum release a chemical that prevents decomposers from growing; this means that the sphagnum decomposes very slowly and will build up eventually turning a pomd into marshy soilUses of peat moss include:- Burnable fuel- Extremely absorbent making it an excellent additive for dry sandy soil- Moist protective cushion for shipping of plants- Used in diapers & bandaids22.2 Liverworts and HornwortsBoth nonvascularBoth alternate between diploid sporophyte generation and haploid gametophyte generationGametophytes are green a leafy producing archegonia and antheridiaSporophytes attached to gametophytesNeed lots of water for fertilizationLiverworts- about 7000 speciesLiver like shape- thought to cure liver diseases in medieval times (called Doctrine of Signatures)5Umbrella shaped structures are antheridia and archegonia are attached to leafy gametophyte producing gametesAsexual reproduction Gametophytes have growing tips that split into branches as it grows along the ground. When older parts die the newer branches live on as independent plantsGemmae are also produced in gemmae cups on upper surface of gametophyte. Rain splashes the gemmae out of the cup. If it washes to a proper location it starts a new gametophyte6Hornworts- about 100 speciesArchegonia and antheridia form inside the plantA cyanobacteria, Nostoc, sometimes lives in cavities in the gametophytePost fertilization zygotes become long horn like sporophytesThese sporophytes are photosynthetic and therefore not totally dependent on the gametophytes→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy→ C6H12O6 + 6O2Spores are spread by drying and splitting of the long thin sporangiaNot as closely related as mosses and liverworts 22.3 Seedless Vascular PlantsVascular Plants/Seedless Plants- Vascular tissue allows them live in areas that bryophytes cannot giving them advantages in the competition for light and water- Gametophytes tend to be smaller than the sporophytes- Gametophytes are separate and independent from sporophyteWhisk ferns- (10-13 species) are tropical plants with simple water-carrying tissues. Some areleaflessOne genera grows in Texas, Florida, Louisiana, Arizona, and HawaiiThe other genera grows on islands of the South Pacific Ocean One species resembles straws in a whisk broom7Lack true leaves and rootsPhotosynthesis occurs in green stemsInstead of roots rhizoids are attached to underground stems called rhizomesKnobs on branches are sporophytesGametophytes develop from spores and live just below the surface of the soilLives symbiotically with fungus that lives in the gametophyte rhizoids. The gametophyte gets it nutrients from the fungusNeeds ample water for fertilizationWhisk ferns are the simplest vascular plant and resemble the first vascular land plants. They are among the earliest known vascular plants in the fossil record Club mosses- (1000 species) mostly small plants with small leaves and often grow in damp places (common name is ground pine)Named for club-shaped spore producing


View Full Document

UT Arlington BIOL BIOL 3427 - Ch 22 Seedless Plants

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Ch 22 Seedless Plants
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Ch 22 Seedless Plants and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Ch 22 Seedless Plants 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?