Personality DisordersWhat is the main difference between an Axis I and Axis II disorders?Axis I: Patients see their symptoms as “not part of their normal way of being” (ego-dystonic)o Want reliefo Relatively clear onset of symptomsAxis II: Patients don’t usually see their disorder as a problem. Rather, they see them as part of their actual personality. (Ego-syntonic)o They may feel distress, but they don’t realize that their own actions are causing the problemso Often does not bother the actual person afflicted with disorder, but bothers or harm other peopleWhat are the characteristics that make a personality disordered? - enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behavior that are consistent across time and situation- makes our behavior predictable, but hopefully we have enough flexibility to adapt to new situationso ways of interacting with the world are inflexible or maladaptive that - they cause a person or others around them significant impairment- pervasive patternsDo people with anxiety disorders feel distressed about their behavior? - Yes, Axis I disorders are typically distressing to the person experiencing them.Know the names of the of the clusters and what specific personality disorders fall within each cluster:- Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric / Sometimes called “schizophrenia-spectrum disorders”o Paranoid-o Schizoid-o Schizotypal- Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, erratico Antisocialo Borderlineo Histrionico Narcissistic- Cluster C: Fearful or Anxiouso Avoidant- o Dependento Obsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderWhat are main features of each personality disorder we covered in class?- Cluster A:o Paranoid Pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspicion (Pervasive and unjustified suspicion)- Few meaningful relationships- Interprets everything as malicious- Sees self as right and justified / blameless- Sensitive to criticism- There is no proven treatment since people with this disorder don’t tend to seek help.- Causes- early abuse experience Difference between schizophrenic paranoia: no delusions, just sees the world as a hard place where everyone is likely to take advantage of themo Schizoid Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships- Little interest in social relationships, may be indifferent to family, seek jobs that don’t require much interaction- Patient is not troubled by this, they’re not depressed or unhappy. They just don’t like the company of others.o Schizotypal (Closest to Axis I disorder) Pervasive pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships- Behavioral eccentricities and cognitive distortiono May dress oddly or have odd thoughts and perceptions (never to the point of real hallucinations or delusions)- Want relationships, but often get depressed over their own awkwardnesso They feel really uncomfortable being around others Cluster B: o Antisocial (Against society) Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others Lack of remorse or guilt for the violation of rights of others- Similar to psychopaths in this regard Often in trouble with the lawo Borderline Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects along with marked or substantial impulsivity- Have trouble maintaining stability in any portion of their lifeo One minute things are perfect, the next second, things are awfulo When things are good, they’re really good, and vice versa Always in intense emotional states, and they’re hard to deal with- Very manipulativeo May be impulsively suicidal or self-harming, Not actually trying to die, they do it for attentiono *Frantic efforts to avoid either real or imagined abandonment*o Histrionic Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts- Shallow emotions, unlike Borderline- Overly dramatic- Sexually provocative- Appearance-focused- Similar traits to Antisocial PDo Often diagnosed to women o Narcissistic Pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration and lack of empathy- Believe that they are superior and they should be worshipped, unjustifiably- Believe that they are unique and special and should be surrounded by other unique and special people.- Very envious of others, and think that others are jealous of them Cluster Co Avoidant Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hyper sensitivity to negativeevaluation- Will only put themselves out there if they are absolutely sure that others will like them- Extreme sensitivity to opinions of others- Fearful of rejectiono Would rather be alone than be rejected- Avoids most relationshipso Not the same as Schizoid Schizoids are not INTERESTED in relationships, defect in desire Avoidant WANT to be in relationships, but they are so scared of being disliked or rejected they won’t take the risk of being involvedo Dependent Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation- Opposite of Avoidant PD, instead of dealing with anxiety alone, they cling to others- Rely on others for major and minor decisions- Expect to be taken care of by others- Submissive- Feelings of inadequacy- High need for reassuranceo Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of preoccupation of orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonalcontrol, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency- Expects others to be organized as well- Preoccupation with details, lists, order, etc. to the point that major point of activity islosto Like obsessing over the last few sentences of a paper that you are unwillingto turn it in on time. Even if the sentences are perfect when you finally do turn it in, you lose the points because it was late. It would have been better to turn it in with the mistakes.- Rigid- Perfectionistico In class she said women - book says no differenceWhat are similarities between Antisocial Personality disorder and Narcissistic PD? What are differences?o Similarities:Disregard of otherso Lack of empathy- Differences:.o Narcissistic: Believe they’re entitled to their behavior Believe that they’re better than everyone else Always looking for the next best thingo Antisocial Behavior based on contempt, particularly on the weaknesses of others Criminal, violent behaviorRelative prevalence of different personality